Currículo

Métodos de Inquirição Online 01772

Contextos

ECTS

6.0 (para cálculo da média)

Objectivos

A internet e as TIC em geral apresentam novas possibilidades e desafios para a investigação nos vários domínios das ciências sociais. A UC pretende dotar os discentes com competências para avaliar criticamente a análise empírica online. A UC inclui a exploração e aplicação por parte dos discentes dos métodos de pesquisa social emergentes para estudar as atividades online. O trabalho curricular inclui o desenho e a aplicação de pelo menos um método de inquirição online. O discente que complete com sucesso esta UC deverá: OA1.Definir as relações entre a teoria, as questões de pesquisa e os dados empíricos obtidos online. OA2.Identificar os pontos fortes e fracos de diferentes abordagens metodológicas. OA3.Discutir as oportunidades e problemas dos métodos de pesquisa aplicados na Internet. OA4.Comparar métodos de amostragem, recolha e gestão de dados e a fiabilidade dos dados obtidos online. OA5.Conhecer os princípios éticos em torno da pesquisa online.

Programa

Temas abordados: CP1. Abordagem multi-disciplinar à pesquisa social online. Formas de conhecimento e a pesquisa na Web. CP2. Introdução aos procedimentos e ferramentas de construção e aplicação de questionários online. CP3. Pesquisa quantitativa online: possibilidades e desafios. CP4. Fiabilidade e validade dos dados obtidos online. CP5. Novos métodos: Big data, motores de busca, google trends, ferramentas analíticas e de web scraping das atividades online. CP6. Etnografia digital. CP7. Pesquisa com recurso a media sociais. CP8. A inteligência artificial generativa e investigação social online. CP9. A entrevista e "focus group" mediado por computador. CP10. Princípios éticos na pesquisa online.

Método de Avaliação

Nas modalidades de avaliação temos as seguintes alternativas: 1) Avaliação ao longo do semestre: Realização das leituras selecionadas para cada aula; Realização de dois trabalhos: - um individual baseado na leitura de artigo - um trabalho final, de grupo ou individual, de perfil mais aprofundado numa das seguintes modalidades: a) Ensaio/ trabalho de aprofundamento temático; b) Projecto de pesquisa; A nota final terá como base o seguinte cálculo: Trabalho Individual: 50% Trabalho final: 40% Participação/assiduidade (10%). A avaliação ao longo do semestre implica uma assiduidade mínima, não devendo ser inferior a 2/3 das aulas efetivamente lecionadas. 2) Os estudantes que não optem pela avaliação ao longo do semestre ou que nela não tenham aproveitamento, podem recorrer à avaliação por exame, que implica a entrega de uma recensão crítica e de um trabalho de aprofundamento temático.

Carga Horária

Bibliografia

Principal

• Fielding, N., Lee, R, e Blank, G. (2017) The Sage handbook of online research methods, London, Sage, 2nd edition. Grigoropoulou, N., & Small, M. L. (2022). The data revolution in social science needs qualitative research. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(7), 904-906. Hunsinger, J., Allen, M. M., & Klastrup, L. (Eds.). (2020). Second international handbook of Internet research. Springer. Kubitschko, S., & Kaun, A. (Eds.). (2016). Innovative methods in media and communication research. Palgrave Macmillan. Murphy, A. K., Jerolmack, C., & Smith, D. (2021). Ethnography, data transparency, and the information age. Annual Review of Sociology, 47(1), 41-61. Roberts, S., Snee, H., Hine, C., Morey, Y., & Watson, H. (Eds.). (2016). Digital methods for social science: An interdisciplinary guide to research innovation. Springer. Salmons, J. (2021). Doing qualitative research online. London: Sage, 2nd Edition. Sloan, L., & Quan-Haase, A. (2022). The SAGE handbook of social media research methods.:

Secundária

• 1. Multi-disciplinary approach to online social research. Forms of knowledge and research on the Web. Baym, N. K. (2005). Introduction: Internet research as it isn't, is, could be, and should be. The Information Society, 21, 229-239. Hesse-Biber, S. N. & P. Leavy (Orgs.) (2008), Handbook of emergent methods, Nova Iorque: Guilford Press. Hine, C. (2006). Virtual methods: Issues in social research on the Internet. Oxford: Berg. Moses, Jonathan e Knutsen, T. (2007), Ways of Knowing: Competing Methodologies in Social and Political Research, Palgrave Macmillan Murthy, D. (2008). An examination of the use of new technologies for social research. Sociology, 42, 837-855. Travers, M. (2009). New methods, old problems: A skeptical view of innovation in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 9, 161-179. 2. Introduction to the procedures and tools for the construction and application of online questionnaires. Jones, S. (1999). Doing Internet research: Critical issues and methods for examining the Net. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage. Miller, D. e Neil J. Salkind (2002) Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement, Sage Ragin, C. C. (1994). Constructing social research : the unity and diversity of method. Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London, Pine Forge Press. 3. Online quantitative research: possibilities and challenges. Coomber, R. (1997). Using the Internet for Survey Research, Sociological Research Online, vol. 2, no. 2. Sills, Stephen e Song, Chunyan (2002). Innovations in Survey Research: An Application of Web-Based Surveys, Social Science Computer Review, vol. 20 no. 1, pp. 22-30. Reynolds, R. A., Woods, R., & Baker, J. D. (Orgs.) (2007), Handbook of research on electronic surveys and measurements (pp. 264-268). Hershey, PA: Idea Group. Schmidt, William C. (1997) World-Wide Web survey research: Benefits, potential problems, and solutions, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 29 (2), 274-279. 4. Reliability and validity of data obtained online. Best, S. J., & Kruger, B. (2002). New approaches to assessing opinion: The prospects for electronic mail surveys. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14, 73-92. Couper, M. P., Kapteyn, A., Schonlau, M., & Winter, J. (2007). Noncoverage and nonresponse in an Internet survey. Social Science Research, 36(1), 131-148. Dillman, D. A., Phelps, G., Tortora, R., Swift, K., Kohrell, J., Berck, J., & Messer, B. L. (2009). Response rate and measurement differences in mixed-mode surveys using mail, telephone, interactive voice response (IVR) and the Internet. Social Science Research, 38, 1-18. Truell, A. D., Bartlett, J. E., II, & Alexander, M. W. (2002). Response rate, speed, and completeness: A comparison of Internet-based and mail surveys. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 34, 46-49. 5. New methods: Big data, search engines, google trends, analytical and web-scrapping tools for online activities. Bail, C. (2014). “The Cultural Environment: Measuring Culture with Big Data.” Theory and Society 43(3–4):465–82. Batrinca, B., & Treleaven, P. C. (2015). Social media analytics: a survey of techniques, tools and platforms. Ai & Society, 30, 89-116. Burrows, R., & Savage, M. (2014). After the crisis? Big Data and the methodological challenges of empirical sociology. Big data & society, 1(1). Fuchs, C. (2017). From digital positivism and administrative big data analytics towards critical digital and social media research!. European Journal of Communication, 32(1), 37-49. Halavais, A. (2017). Search engine society. John Wiley & Sons. Khder, M. A. (2021). Web scraping or web crawling: State of art, techniques, approaches and application. International Journal of Advances in Soft Computing & Its Applications, 13(3). Kitchin, R. (2014). Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts. Big data & society, 1(1) Manovich, L. (2015). The science of culture? Social computing, digital humanities and cultural analytics. Marres, N., & Weltevrede, E. (2013). Scraping the social? Issues in live social research. Journal of cultural economy, 6(3), 313-335. Stieglitz, S., Dang-Xuan, L., Bruns, A., & Neuberger, C. (2014). Social media analytics. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(2), 89-96. Thelwall, Mike (2009). Introduction to Webometrics: Quantitative Web Research for the Social Sciences. Morgan & Claypool. Vosen, S., & Schmidt, T. (2011). Forecasting private consumption: survey-based indicators vs. Google trends. Journal of Forecasting, 30(6), 565-578. 6. Digital ethnography. Baym, N. K. (2009). Question six: What constitutes quality in qualitative Internet research? In, A. N. Markham, N. K. Baym (Eds.), Internet inquiry: Conversations about method (pp. 173-189). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Garcia, A. C., Standlee, A. I., Bechkoff, J., & Cui, Y. (2009). Ethnographic approaches to the Internet and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38, 52-84. McHugh, M. C., Saperstein, S. L., & Gold, R. S. (2019). OMG U# Cyberbully! An exploration of public discourse about cyberbullying on twitter. Health Education & Behavior, 46(1), 97-105. Pink, S. et al (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice, London, Sage Przybylski, L. (2020). Hybrid ethnography: Online, offline, and in between (Vol. 58). SAGE publications. Ward, K. J. (1999). Cyber-ethnography and the emergence of the virtually new community. Journal of Information Technology, 14, 95-105. 7. Research using social media. Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet research, 22(1), 57-74. Baker, S. (2013). Conceptualising the use of Facebook in ethnographic research: as tool, as data and as context. Ethnography and Education, 8(2), 131-145. Banyai, M., & Glover, T. D. (2012). Evaluating research methods on travel blogs. Journal of Travel Research, 51(3), 267-277. Bhatt, M. A., & Arshad, M. (2016). Impact of WhatsApp on youth: A sociological study. Social Sciences, 4(02), 2016. Holtz, P., Kronberger, N., & Wagner, W. (2012). Analyzing internet forums. Journal of Media Psychology. Hookway, N. (2008). Entering the blogosphere': some strategies for using blogs in social research. Qualitative research, 8(1), 91-113. Kosinski, M., Matz, S. C., Gosling, S. D., Popov, V., & Stillwell, D. (2015). Facebook as a research tool for the social sciences: Opportunities, challenges, ethical considerations, and practical guidelines. American Psychologist, 70(6), 543. Pearce, W., Özkula, S. M., Greene, A. K., Teeling, L., Bansard, J. S., Omena, J. J., & Rabello, E. T. (2020). Visual cross-platform analysis: Digital methods to research social media images. Information, Communication & Society, 23(2), 161-180. Perriam, J., Birkbak, A., & Freeman, A. (2020). Digital methods in a post-API environment. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 23(3), 277-290. Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2010). Uses and gratifications of social media: A comparison of Facebook and instant messaging. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(5), 350-361. Vicari, S., & Kirby, D. (2023). Digital platforms as socio-cultural artifacts: developing digital methods for cultural research. Information, Communication & Society, 26(9), 1733-1755. 8. Generative artificial intelligence and online social research. Bail, C. A. (2024). Can Generative AI improve social science?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(21), e2314021121. Bonikowski, B., & Nelson, L. K. (2022). From ends to means: The promise of computational text analysis for theoretically driven sociological research. Sociological Methods & Research, 51(4), 1469-1483. Chopra, F., & Haaland, I. (2023). Conducting qualitative interviews with AI. CESifo Working Paper No. 10666 Davidson, T. (2024). Start generating: Harnessing generative artificial intelligence for sociological research. Socius, 10, 23780231241259651. Salah, M., Al Halbusi, H., & Abdelfattah, F. (2023). May the force of text data analysis be with you: Unleashing the power of generative AI for social psychology research. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 100006. 9. The computer-mediated interview and focus groups Fontes, T. O., & O’Mahony, M. (2008). In-depth interviewing by Instant Messaging. Social research update, 53(2), 1-4. Kazmer, M. M., & Xie, B. (2008). Qualitative interviewing in Internet studies: Playing with the media, playing with the method. Information, Communication & Society, 11, 257-278. Mann, C., & Stewart, F. (2000). Internet communication and qualitative research: A handbook for researching online. Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage. Murray, C. D., & Sixsmith, J. (1998). E-mail: A qualitative research medium for interviewing? International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory & Practice, 1(2), 103-121. Quan-Haase, A. (2008). Instant messaging on campus: Use and integration in university students' everyday communication. The Information Society, 24(2), 105-115. Robson, K., Williams, M. (2003). Reengineering focus group methodology for the online environment, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online Social Research (pp. 25-46). New Work: Peter Lang. Schwarz, O. (2011). Who moved my conversation? Instant messaging, intertextuality and new regimes of intimacy and truth. Media, Culture & Society, 33(1), 71-87. Stewart, K., & Williams, M. (2005). Researching online populations: The use of online focus groups for social research. Qualitative Research, 5, 395-416. 10. Ethical principles in online research. Bruckman, A. S. (2003). Introduction: Opportunities and challenges in methodology and ethics, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 101-104). New Work: Peter Lang. Buchanan, E. A. (2000). Ethics, qualitative research and ethnography in virtual space. Journal of Information Ethics, 9, 82-87. Capurro, R., & Pingel, C. (2002). Ethical issues of online communication research. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 189-194. DeLorme, D. E., Zinkhan, G. M., & French, W. (2001). Ethics and the Internet: Issues associated with qualitative research. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 271-286. Elgesem, D. (2002). What is special about the ethical issues in online research? Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 195-203. Ess, C. (2007). Internet research ethics. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna, T. Postmes & U. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 487-502). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Eynon, R., Schroeder, R., & Fry, J. (2009). New techniques in online research: Challenges for research ethics. Twenty-First Century Society, 4, 187-199. Hoser, B., & Nitschke, T. (2010). Questions on ethics for research in the virtually connected world. Social Networks, 32, 180-186. Johnson, D. G. Computer Ethics. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994. Jones, S. (2003). Introduction: Ethics and Internet studies, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online Social Research (pp. 179-186). New Work: Peter Lang. Markham, A. N. (2008). The methods, politics, and ethics of representation in online ethnography. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (3rd ed., pp. 247-284). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. McMahon, J. M., & Cohen, R. (2009). Lost in cyberspace: Ethical decision making in the online environment. Ethics and Information Technology, 11, 1-17. Varnhagen, C. K., Gushta, M., Daniels, J., Peters, T. C., Parmar, N., Law, D., Hirsch, R., Takach, B. S., & Johnson, T. (2005). How informed is online informed consent? Ethics & Behavior, 15, 37-48. Walther, J. B. (2002). Research ethics in Internet-enabled research: Human subjects issues and methodological myopia. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 205-216. Zimmer, M. (2010). “But the data is already public”: on the ethics of research in Facebook. Ethics and information technology, 12(4), 313-325.:

Disciplinas de Execução

2014/2015 - 1º Semestre

2015/2016 - 1º Semestre

2016/2017 - 1º Semestre

2017/2018 - 1º Semestre

2018/2019 - 1º Semestre

2019/2020 - 1º Semestre