Class 5

15 Novembro 2025, 09:00 • Elisabeth de Azevedo Reis

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5. Data collection instrument 

5.1. Questionnaire design 

5.2. Different measurement scales 

Class 4

14 Novembro 2025, 09:00 • Elisabeth de Azevedo Reis

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4. Survey sampling 

4.1. Sampling methods: random and non-random 

4.2. Sample dimension, error margin and confidence level 

Class 3

12 Novembro 2025, 09:00 • Elisabeth de Azevedo Reis

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3. Methodological choices 

3.1. Qualitative versus quantitative 

3.2. Action research 

3.3. Case study 

3.4. Survey 

3.5. Grounded theory 

3.6. Mixed method approach 

Class 2

11 Novembro 2025, 09:00 • Elisabeth de Azevedo Reis

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2. Steps in a research project 

2.1. Research problem/dilemma, objective(s) and question(s) 

2.2. Literature review and conceptual model 

2.3. Data collection 

2.4. Data analysis and discussion 

Class 1

10 Novembro 2025, 09:00 • Elisabeth de Azevedo Reis

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1.Research philosophies and approaches 

1.1. Ontology, epistemology and axiology 

1.2. Phenomenology, positivism and critical realism 

1.3. Theory development: deduction, induction and abduction articles and thesis. 

Examples from articles and thesis.