Sumários
30 Abril 2024, 16:00
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Susana Santos
Group presentations.
23 Abril 2024, 16:00
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Susana Santos
Group presentations.
16 Abril 2024, 16:00
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Susana Santos
Work groups.
9 Abril 2024, 16:00
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Susana Santos
General principles: freedom, equality, fraternity and liberal democracy.
The distinction between individual and collective rights and the initial critic of the American Anthropological Association. The critics highlighted the imposition of a western view of HR to the world, based on an idea that privileges the individual and its free will against a more community based approach where the individual as seen as a member and gain identity through social relationships inside the community. By diminishing the role of the community/ society the principles of the declaration undermine the importance of establishing bounds and the protection of cultural groups.
Different levels: macro (national governments, international community), meso (institutions) and micro ( individuals, community and social relationships) and two approaches: top-down and bottom-up.
Bottom-up approach can be understood as a "subaltern cosmopolitan legality" (Garavito and Santos) were subaltern communities organized in social movements use combined strategies of hard and soft law to advance the HR agenda incorporating social struggles in a local/domestic and inter/transnational platforms.
“For social movements, human rights are a system of law, a set of values, and a vision of good governance.” (Merry et al., 2010). How can each dimension be perceived? How can it be used to study?
Regarding governance it can be defined as a combination of HR and development that are both a theoretical perspective, for instance in the work of Amartya Sen on defining human capacity (1999) and the importance of adopting a HR agenda that increases participation and access of all individuals. And a political ideology developed in the 1980s with the conservative/neoliberal turn, first in the USA and UK and its impact on the international political agenda creating the substance to new forms of intervention by international institutions like the United Nations, World Bank and International Monetary Fund. HR framework was adopted as a mechanism to guarantee the receive of international funds and loans. The financial system adopted a model of good governance imposing a model of liberal democracy based on Western institutions (parliaments, courts, media, separation between the State and the market).
19 Março 2024, 16:00
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Susana Santos
Where do social and economic rights come from?
ILO foundation
General Principles (1919):
1. Work/labor is not a commodity.
2. Rights of Association to employees and employers.
3. Salary should guarantee a reasonable standard of life.
4. Eight hour a day and 40 hours a week as standard.
5. Adoption of a weekly rest or at least 24h.
6. Abolish child labor and limitations on the youngers to guarantee education.
7. Men and women should receive equal remuneration.
8. Equitable economic treatment of all workers lawfully resident.
9. Each state should provide a system of inspection with men and women to ensure the enforcement of laws and regulations for the protection of workers.
New principles and guidelines focuses on all types of discrimination, poverty and the increase of workers living in poverty
A tense relation between globalization and social justice, ILO stresses the importance of a fair globalization and to have mechanisms to inforce labor rights and social dialogue worldwide.
New challenges: digitalization of work, displacement of population, enforcement of labor rights, participation of workers on social dialogue.
