Cardoso, Gustavo (2023). A Comunicação da Comunicação. As Pessoas são a Mensagem. Mundos Sociais.
Castells, M. (2023). The Network Society Revisited. American Behavioral Scientist, 67(7). 940-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221092803
Eco, U. (2021) ‘Hard and Soft Communication’, Observatorio (OBS*), 15(2). doi: 10.15847/obsOBS15220212010.
McQuail, D. & Deuze, M. (2020). McQuail’s Media & Mass Communication Theory (seventh edition). London: SAGE.
Paquete de Oliveira, J.M. (2017) ‘A comunicação numa perspectiva sociológica’. In: Cardoso, G. (ed.) Comunicação e quotidiano: textos e intervenções (1983-2016). Lisboa: Tinta-da-China.
Winston, B. (1998) Media technology and society: a history: from the telegraph to the internet. Oxford: Routledge.
Winston, B. (2002) ‘Towards Tabloidization? Glasgow revisited, 1975-2001’, Journalism Studies, 3:1, 5-20. doi: 10.1080/14616700120107301.:
Secundária
‘Truth and Power : an interview with Michel Foucault’ (1979) Critique of Anthropology, 4(13–14), pp. 131–137. doi: 10.1177/0308275X7900401311.
Abbate, J. (1999) Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Abed, Y. & Chavan, M. (2019) ‘The Challenges of Institutional Distance: Data Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing’, Science, Technology and Society, 24(1), pp. 161–181. doi: 10.1177/0971721818806088.
Abiteboul, S. and Dowek, G. (2020) The Age of Algorithms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Acland, C. R. (2019). The crack in the electric window. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) (2019) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Agger, B. (2012). Oversharing: Presentations of Self in the Internet Age. Oxford: Routledge.
Aitamurto, T. et al. (2022) ‘Examining augmented reality in journalism: Presence, knowledge gain, and perceived visual authenticity’, New Media & Society, 24(6), pp. 1281–1302. doi: 10.1177/1461444820951925.
Albert, M. & Kleinman, D. (2011) 'Bringing Pierre Bourdieu to Science and Technology Studies', Minerva, 49(3), pp. 263-273. doi: 10.1007/s11024-011-9174-2.
Alencar, A. & Kruikemeier, S. (2018) ‘Audiovisual infotainment in European news: A comparative content analysis of Dutch, Spanish, and Irish television news programs’, Journalism, 19(11), pp. 1534–1551. doi: 10.1177/1464884916671332.
Ali, M. et al. (2019) ‘Discrimination through Optimization: How Facebook's Ad Delivery Can Lead to Biased Outcomes’, Proc. ACM Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW, Article 199 (November 2019). doi: 10.1145/335930.
Allcott, H. & Gentzkow, M. (2017) ‘Social media and fake news in the 2016 election’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), pp.211–236. doi: 10.1257/jep.31.2.211.
Allport, F. H. (1937) ‘Toward a Science of Public Opinion’, Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 1937, Pages 7–23. doi: 10.1086/265034.
Altay, S., Hacquin, A.-S. & Mercier, H. (2022) ‘Why do so few people share fake news? It hurts their reputation’, New Media & Society, 24(6), pp. 1303–1324. doi: 10.1177/1461444820969893.
Alterman, E. (1999) Sound and Fury: The Making of the Punditocracy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Amaral, A. da R. & Souza, R. V. (2013) ´User resistance and repurposing: a look at the iOS jailbreaking scene in Brazil’, AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, 3. Available at: https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/9089
Amoore, L. (2018) ‘Cloud geographies: Computing, data, sovereignty’, Progress in Human Geography, 42(1), pp. 4–24. doi: 10.1177/0309132516662147.
Amoore, L. & Piotukh, V. (ed.) (2016) Algorithmic Life Calculative Devices in the Age of Big Data. Oxford: Routledge.
An, J., Quercia, D. & Crowcroft, J. (2014) ‘Partisan sharing: Facebook evidence and societal consequences’ in Proceedings of the second ACM conference on Online Social Networks, pp. 13-24. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2660460.2660469.
Andersen, J. & Søe, S. O. (2020) ‘Communicative actions we live by: The problem with fact-checking, tagging or flagging fake news – the case of Facebook’, European Journal of Communication, 35(2), pp. 126–139. doi: 10.1177/0267323119894489.
Anderson, C. (2013) ‘Towards a sociology of computational and algorithmic journalism’, New Media & Society, 15(7), pp. 1005–1021. doi: 10.1177/1461444812465137.
Anderson, S. P. & Gabszewicz, J. J. (2006). The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets. In: Ginsburgh, V.A. and Throsby, D. (ed.) Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture. Amsterdam: North Holland.
Antweiler, W. & Frank, M. Z. (2004) ‘Is all that talk just noise? The information content of internet stock message boards’ The Journal of Finance, 59(3), pp. 1259–1294. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00662.x
Archer, M. S. (2010) ‘Routine, Reflexivity, and Realism’, Sociological Theory, 28(3), pp. 272–303. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01375.x.
Aroldi, P., & Colombo, F. (eds) (2003). Le Età della Tv: indagine su quattro generazioni di spettatori, italiani. Milano: Vita e Pensiero Università.
Arpan, L. M. et al. (2011) ‘Perceptions of Bias in Political Content in Late Night Comedy Programs’, Electronic News, 5(3), pp. 158–173. doi: 10.1177/1931243111421765.
Artemas, K., Vos, T. P. & Duffy, M. (2018) ‘Journalism Hits a Wall’, Journalism Studies, 19:7, pp. 1004-1020. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1249006.
Arthurs, J. & Shaw, S. (2016) ‘Celebrity capital in the political field: Russell Brand’s migration from stand-up comedy to Newsnight’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(8), pp. 1136–1152. doi: 10.1177/0163443716635869.
Ashby, W. R. (1956) An Introduction to Cybernetics. London: Chapman & Hall.
Atkinson, J. (2011) ‘Performance Journalism: A Three-Template Model of Television News’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(1), pp. 102–129. doi: 10.1177/1940161210381646.
Aversa, P., Hervas-Drane, A. & Evenou, M. (2019) ‘Business Model Responses to Digital Piracy’, California Management Review, 61(2), pp. 30–58. doi: 10.1177/0008125618818841.
Axt, J. R., Landau, M. J. & Kay, A. C. (2020) ‘The Psychological Appeal of Fake-News Attributions’, Psychological Science, 31(7), pp. 848–857. doi: 10.1177/0956797620922785.
Aydin, H. (2021) ‘A Study of Cloud Computing Adoption in Universities as a Guideline to Cloud Migration’, SAGE Open. doi: 10.1177/21582440211030280.
Bail, C. A., Brown, T. W. & Wimmer, A. (2019) ‘Prestige, Proximity, and Prejudice: How Google Search Terms Diffuse across the World’, American Journal of Sociology, 124:5, pp. 1496-1548. doi: 10.1086/702007.
Bakardjieva, M. & Smith, R. (2001) ‘The Internet in Everyday Life: Computer Networking from the Standpoint of the Domestic User’, New Media & Society, 3(1), pp. 67–83. doi: 10.1177/1461444801003001005.
Bakir, V. & McStay, A. (2018) ‘Fake News and The Economy of Emotions’, Digital Journalism, 6:2, pp. 154-175. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645.
Bakshy, E. et al. (2011) ‘Everyone's an influencer: quantifying influence on twitter’, Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining (WSDM '11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, pp. 65–74. doi: 10.1145/1935826.1935845.
Bakshy, E. et al. (2015) ‘Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook’, Science 348, 1130 (2015). doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1160.
Balkmar, D. (2012). On Men and Cars: An Ethnographic Study of Gendered, Risky and Dangerous Relations. Volume 558, Linköping: Linköping Studies in Arts and Science.
Balmas, M. (2014) ‘When Fake News Becomes Real: Combined Exposure to Multiple News Sources and Political Attitudes of Inefficacy, Alienation, and Cynicism’, Communication Research, 41(3), pp. 430–454. doi: 10.1177/0093650212453600.
Banet-Weiser, S. (2011) ‘Convergence on the Street’, Cultural Studies, 25:4-5, pp. 641-658. doi: 10.1080/09502386.2011.600553.
Banet-Weiser, S. (2012) Authentic: TM. The Politics of Ambivalence in a Brand Culture. New York: New York University Press.
Bar, F., Pisani, F. & Seabra, C. (2011) Apropiación y uso: estudió de caso en Brasil. In: Fernández-Ardèvol, M. , Galperin, H. and Castells, M. (eds.) Comunicación móvil y desarrollo económico y social en América Latina. Barcelona; Madrid: Editorial Planeta.
Bar, F., Weber, M. S. & Pisani, F. (2016) ‘Mobile technology appropriation in a distant mirror: Baroquization, creolization, and cannibalism’, New Media & Society, 18(4), pp. 617–636. doi: 10.1177/1461444816629474.
Barbie Z. (1992) ‘CNN, the Gulf War, and Journalistic Practice’, Journal of Communication, Volume 42, Issue 1, pp. 66–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00769.x.
Barnard, S.R. (2018) Citizens at the Gates: Twitter, Networked Publics, and the Transformation of American Journalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Barrett, M., et al. (2012) ‘Reconfiguring Boundary Relations: Robotic Innovations in Pharmacy Work’. Organization Science, 23(5), pp. 1448–1466. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23252317
Barry, E. (2008) ‘Celebrity, cultural production and public life’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 11(3), pp. 251–258. doi: 10.1177/1367877908092583.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2008), ‘Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59: pp. 1493-1512. doi: 10.1002/asi.20857.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2008)’ Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59: pp. 1493-1512. doi: 10.1002/asi.20857.
Bauman, Z. (2000) Liquid modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bauman, Z. (2012) ‘Times of interregnum’, Ethics & Global Politics, 5:1, pp. 49-56. doi: 10.3402/egp.v5i1.17200.
Baym, N. K. (2010). Personal Connections in the Digital Age. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Beck, U. (2006) ‘Living in the world risk society’, Economy and Society, 35:3, 329-345. doi: 10.1080/03085140600844902.
Beck, U. (2010) ‘Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?’, Theory, Culture & Society, 27(2–3), pp. 254–266. doi: 10.1177/0263276409358729.
Becker, M., Wiegand, N. & Reinartz, W. J. (2019) ‘Does It Pay to Be Real? Understanding Authenticity in TV Advertising’, Journal of Marketing, 83(1), pp. 24–50. doi: 10.1177/0022242918815880.
Beckett, C. (2010) The value of networked journalism, London: POLIS, London School of Economics and Political Science . Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/31050
Beckett, C. & Deuze, M. (2016) ‘On the Role of Emotion in the Future of Journalism’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305116662395.
Beer, D. (2017) ‘The social power of algorithms’, Information, Communication & Society, 20:1, 1-13, doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1216147.
Beer, D. (2017) ‘The social power of algorithms’, Information, Communication & Society, 20:1, pp. 1-13, doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1216147.
Bell, D. (1996). The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York: BasicBooks.
Bengtsson, M. (2015) ‘Approaches to Political Commentary in Scandinavia: A Call for Textual, Evaluating Scholarship’, N O R D I C O M Review, 36(1), pp. 5-18. Available at: https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/nordicom_review_36_2015_1_pp._5-18.pdf
Benkler, Y. (2006). The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Benkler, Y., Faris, R. & Roberts, H. (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bennett W.L., Freelon D. and Wells C. (2010) Changing citizen identity and the rise of a participatory media culture, in L.R. Sherrod, C.A. Flanagan and J. Torney-Purta (eds) Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth. Oxford: Routledge.
Bennett, W. L. (2016). News: The Politics of Illusions. New York: Pearson.
Bennett, W. L. & Livingston, S. (2018) ‘The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions’, European Journal of Communication, 33(2), pp. 122–139. doi: 10.1177/0267323118760317.
Bennett, W. L., Wells, C. & Rank, A. (2009) ‘Young citizens and civic learning: two paradigms of citizenship in the digital age’, Citizenship Studies, 13:2, pp. 105-120. doi: 10.1080/13621020902731116.
Benson, R. (2006) ‘News Media as a “Journalistic Field”: What Bourdieu Adds to New Institutionalism, and Vice Versa’, Political Communication, 23:2, 187-202. doi: 10.1080/10584600600629802.
Benson, R., Neff, T. & Hessérus, M. (2018) ‘Media Ownership and Public Service News: How Strong Are Institutional Logics?’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(3), pp. 275–298. doi: 10.1177/1940161218782740.
Bentivegna, S. (2006) ‘Rethinking Politics in the World of ICTs’, European Journal of Communication, 21(3), pp. 331–343. doi: 10.1177/0267323106066638.
Berger, J. & Milkman, K. L. (2012) ‘What Makes Online Content Viral?’, Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), pp. 192–205. doi: 10.1509/jmr.10.0353.
Berkman, M. & Plutzer, E. (2010) Evolution, Creationism, and the Battle to Control America's Classrooms. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Berman, M. (1982). All that is solid melts into air: The experience of modernity. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Bernard, A. (2019). The Triumph of Profiling. The Self in Digital Culture. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bertel, T. F. (2016) ‘‘Why would you want to know?’: The reluctant use of location sharing via check-ins on Facebook among Danish youth’, Convergence, 22(2), pp. 162–176. doi: 10.1177/1354856514543250.
Bessy, C., & Chateauraynaud, F. (2019) ‘The Dynamics of Authentication and Counterfeits in Markets’, Historical Social Research, 44(1), pp. 136-159. doi: 10.12759/hsr.44.2019.1.136-159.
Beyer, Y. et al. (2007) ‘Small Talk Makes a Big Difference: Recent Developments in Interactive, SMS-Based Television’, Television & New Media, 8(3), pp. 213–234. doi: 10.1177/1527476407301642.
Bird, E. (1998) ‘News We Can Use: An Audience Perspective on the Tabloidisation of News in the United States’, Javnost - The Public, 5:3, pp. 33-49. doi: 10.1080/13183222.1998.11008681.
Bleakley, P. (2021) ‘Panic, pizza and mainstreaming the alt-right: A social media analysis of Pizzagate and the rise of the QAnon conspiracy’, Current Sociology. doi: 10.1177/00113921211034896.
Blom, J.O. & Monk, A. F. (2003) ‘Theory of Personalization of Appearance: Why Users Personalize Their PCs and Mobile Phones’, Human–Computer Interaction, 18:3, pp. 193-228. doi: 10.1207/S15327051HCI1803_1.
Blumler, J. G. (1997) ‘Origins of the Crisis of Communication for Citizenship’, Political Communication, 14:4, 395-404. doi: 10.1080/105846097199191.
Bobbio N. (1980) ‘La democracia et il potere invisibile’, Rivista Italiana de Scienza Politica, Bolonha, n.º 2, 1980.
Bobkowski, P. S. (2015) ‘Sharing the News: Effects of Informational Utility and Opinion Leadership on Online News Sharing’, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(2), pp. 320–345. doi: 10.1177/1077699015573194.
Bolin, G. (2010) ‘Domesticating the mobile in Estonia’, New Media & Society, 12(1), pp. 55–73. doi: 10.1177/1461444809355112.
Bolin, G. (2022).‘The Value Dynamics of Data Capitalism: Cultural Production and Consumption in a Datafied World’. In: Hepp, A., Jarke, J. Kramp, L. (eds), New Perspectives in Critical Data Studies: The Ambivalences of Data Power. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96180-0_8
Bollen, J., Mao, H., & Zeng, X. (2011) ‘Twitter mood predicts the stock market’, Journal of Computational Science, 2(1), 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2010.12.007.
Boorstin, D. J. (1961) The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Harper & Row.
Bouin, O. (2017) ‘End of European Integration as We Knew it: A Political Economy Analysis’. In: Castells, M. et al. (eds) Europe's Crises. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bourdieu, P. (1989) ‘Social Space and Symbolic Power’, Sociological Theory, 7(1), pp. 14–25. doi: 10.2307/202060.
Bourdieu, P. (1993). The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bourdieu, P. (1999). On Television and Journalism. London: Pluto Press.
Bourdieu, P. (2005) ‘The Political Field, The Social Science Field, and Journalistic Field’. In
Benson, R. & Neveu, E. (eds.) Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bourdon, J. & Ribke, N. (2016) ‘Ratings, the state and globalization: the politics of television audience measurement in Israel’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(2), pp. 159–174. doi: 10.1177/0163443715594034.
Bowker, G. (2001), ‘The new knowledge economy and science and technology Policy’, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Paris: UNESCO. Available at: http://epl.scu.edu/~gbowker/knowledgeeconomy.pdf
Brants, K. & Voltmer, K. (2011). ‘Introduction: Mediatization and Decentralization of Political Communication’. In: Brants, K. and Voltmer, K. (eds.) Political Communication in Postmodern Democracy: Challenging the Primacy of Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Braudel, F. (1960) ‘History and the Social Sciences: The Long Duration’, Political Research, Organization and Design, 3(6), pp. 3–13. doi: 10.1177/000276426000300601.
Braun, J. A. & Eklund, J. L. (2019) ’Fake News, Real Money: Ad Tech Platforms, Profit-Driven Hoaxes, and the Business of Journalism’, Digital Journalism, 7:1, pp. 1-21. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2018.1556314.
Breton, P. (1994). A Utopia da Comunicação. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.
Brewer, B. D. (2019) ‘The commercial transformation of world football and the North–South divide: A global value chain analysis’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54(4), pp. 410–430. doi: 10.1177/1012690217721176.
Briggs, A., Burke, P. & Ytreberg, E. (2020). A Social History of the Media. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bro, P. (2012) ‘Licence to Comment’, Journalism Studies, 13:3, 433-446. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2011.616407.
Broersma, M. & Graham, T. (2012) ‘Social Media as Beat’, Journalism Practice, 6:3, pp. 403-419. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2012.663626.
Bruns, A. (2013) ‘Exploring the Pro-Am Interface between Production and Produsage’. In: Lee, F. L. F, et al. (eds.) Frontiers in New Media Research. Oxford: Routledge.
Bucher, T. (2012) ‘Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook’, New Media & Society, 14(7), pp. 1164–1180. doi: 10.1177/1461444812440159.
Bucher, T. (2017) ‘The algorithmic imaginary: exploring the ordinary affects of Facebook algorithms’, Information, Communication & Society, 20:1, 30 44. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154086.
Bucher, T. (2018) IF … THEN: Algorithmic power and politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bude, H. (2018) Society of fear, Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bude, H. (2018b) The Mood of the World. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Budzinski, O., Gaenssle, S. & Lindstädt-Dreusicke, N. (2021) ‘The battle of YouTube, TV and Netflix: an empirical analysis of competition in audiovisual media markets’. SN Business & Economics 1, 116 (2021). doi:10.1007/s43546-021-00122-0.
Bunce, M., Wright, K. & Scott, M. (2018) ‘Our newsroom in the cloud’: Slack, virtual newsrooms and journalistic practice’, New Media & Society, 20(9), pp. 3381–3399. doi: 10.1177/1461444817748955.
Bunz, M. & Meikle, G. (2018). The Internet of Things. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Buonanno, M. (2009) ‘From Literary to Format Adaptation: Multiple Interactions between the Foreign and Domestic in Italian TV Drama’, Critical Studies in Television, 4(1), pp. 65–83. doi: 10.7227/CST.4.1.6.
Buonanno, M. (2016) ‘(Not yet) the end of television: Editor’s introduction’, Media and Communication, 4(3), 95–98. doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.661.
Burkart, P. & Andersson Schwarz, J. (2015) ‘Piracy & Social Change| Introduction: Piracy and Social Change—Revisiting Piracy Cultures’, International Journal Of Communication, [S.l.], v. 9, p. 6, mar. 2015. ISSN 1932-8036. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3704/1346
Burki, T. (2020) ‘The online anti-vaccine movement in the age of COVID-19’, The Lancet Digital Health, doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30227-2.
Butler, J. G. (1986) ‘Notes on the Soap Opera Apparatus: Televisual Style and “As the World Turns” ’, Cinema Journal, 25(3), 53–70. doi: 10.2307/1225479.
Butter, M. & Knight, P. (eds.). (2020) Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories. Oxford: Routledge.
Calabrese, A. & Burgelman, J.-C. (1999) Communication, Citizenship and Social Policy. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers.
Cammaerts, B. (2020) ‘The neo-fascist discourse and its normalisation through mediation’, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 15:3, pp. 241-256, doi: 10.1080/17447143.2020.1743296.
Cardon, D. (2013) ‘Inside the Mind of PageRank: A study of Google’s algorithm’, Réseaux, 1(1), 63-95. doi: 10.3917/res.177.0063.
Cardoso, G. (1998). Para uma Sociologia do Ciberespaço: Comunidades Virtuais em Português. Oeiras: Celta.
Cardoso, G. (2006) ‘Societies in Transition to the Network Society’. In: Castells, M. and Cardoso, G. (2006) The Network Society: From Knowledge to Policy. Washington DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations.
Cardoso, G. (2007) The Media in the Network Society: Browsing, News, Filters and Citizenship. Lisboa: CIES-ISCTE, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301788960_The_Media_in_the_Network_Society
Cardoso, G. (2008) ‘From Mass to Networked Communication: Communicational models and the Informational Society’, International Journal Of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19/178
Cardoso, G. (2014) Os Media na Sociedade em Rede - 2ª ed. Lisboa : Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Cardoso, G. (ed.) (2013) A Sociedade dos Ecrãs, Lisboa: Tinta da China.
Cardoso, G. & Lamy, C. (2011) ‘Redes sociais: comunicação e mudança’, JANUS.NET e-journal of International Relations, Vol. 2, n.º 1 (Primavera 2011), pp. 73-96, Available at: https://observare.autonoma.pt/janus-net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/03/pt_vol2_n1_art6.htm
Cardoso, G. & Quintanilha, T. (2013) ‘Introdução’. In: Cardoso, G. (ed.) A Sociedade dos Ecrãs. Lisboa: Tinta da China.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2005). A Sociedade em Rede em Portugal. Porto: Campo das Letras.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2012) ‘European Cinema in P2P Networks: A New Distribution Model’, International Journal Of Communication. Available at: .
Cardoso, G. et al. (2015). A sociedade em rede em Portugal: Uma década de transição. Coimbra: Almedina.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2017) ‘Social Movements, participation and crisis in Europe’. In: Castells, M. et al. (ed.) Europe’s crisis. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2018) ‘Barómetro de notícias, Estado das Notícias (2 de junho de 2017 a 31 de maio de 2018)’, Available at: https://medialab.iscte-iul.pt/barometro-estado-das-noticias-2018/
Cardoso, G. et al. (2020) ‘Social media disinformation in the pre-electoral period in Portugal’, Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20667
Cardoso, G. et al. (2021) ‘Digital News Report - Portugal 2021’, Lisboa: OberCom, Available at: https://obercom.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DNR_PT_2021_final.pdf
Cardoso, G., Jacobetty, P. and Duarte, A. (2012) Para Uma Ciência Aberta. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Carlson, M. & Usher, N. (2016) ‘News Startups as Agents of Innovation’, Digital Journalism, 4:5, 563-581. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2015.1076344.
Caron, A., & Caronia, L. (2007). Moving Cultures: Mobile Communication in Everyday Life. Montreal: MQUP.
Casetti, F. (2019) ‘What is a screen nowadays?’. In Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Castells, M. (2001). The Internet Galaxy. Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. (2002) A Era da Informação: Economia, Sociedade e Cultura, vol. I: A Sociedade em Rede, Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Castells, M. (2005) ´Innovation, Information Technology and the Culture of Freedom’, Communication presented at the World Social Forum (29 Jan 2005), Available at: http://http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/2623.html
Castells, M. (2006). Observatorio global: crónicas de principios de siglo. Barcelona: La Vanguardia Ediciones.
Castells, M. (2007) ‘Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society’, International Journal Of Communication 1 (2007), pp. 238-266 Available at : http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/46/35
Castells, M. (2012) Networks of Outrage and Hope – social movements in the internet age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Castells, M. (2013). Communication Power. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. (2023). The Network Society Revisited. American Behavioral Scientist, 67(7). 940-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221092803
Castells, M. & Cardoso, G. (2006) The Network Society: From Knowledge to Policy. Washington DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations.
Castells, M. & Himanen, P. (2003) The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. et al. (2003) La Societat Xarxa a Catalunya. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
Castells, M. et al. (eds.) (2017), Europe’s Crisis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Castells, M., & Cardoso, G. (2012), ‘Piracy Cultures | Editorial Introduction’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1610
Castells, M., Caraça, J. & Cardoso, G. (eds.) (2012) Aftermath: the Cultures of the Economic Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castillo, C., et al. (2014) ‘Characterizing the life cycle of online news stories using social media reactions’, in Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, pp. 211-223. doi:10.1145/2531602.2531623.
Castoriadis, C. (2010) A society Adrift. Interviews & Debates (1974-1997). Available at: http://www.notbored.org/ASA.pdf
Caswell, D. & Dörr, K. (2018) ‘Automated Journalism 2.0: Event-driven narratives. From simple descriptions to real stories’, Journalism Practice, 12(4), pp: 477-496. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2017.1320773.
Caudell, T. P. & Mizell, D. W. (1992) ‘Augmented reality: an application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes’, in Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1992, pp. 659-669 vol.2, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183317.
Celeste, R. (2005) ‘Screen Idols: The Tragedy Of Falling Stars’, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 33:1, 29-38. doi: 10.3200/JPFT.33.1.29-38.
Cerf, V.G. (2010) ‘A half-century makes a difference’. J Internet Serv Appl 1, pp. 3–5. doi: 10.1007/s13174-010-0005-8.
Cetina, K. K. & Bruegger, U. (2002) ‘Traders’ Engagement with Markets’, Theory, Culture & Society, 19(5–6), pp. 161–185. doi: 10.1177/026327602761899200.
Chaffee, S. H. & Metzger, M. J. (2001) ‘The end of mass communication?’, Mass Communication and Society, 4, pp. 365-379. doi:10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_3.
Chalaby, J. K. (2016) ‘Drama without Drama: The Late Rise of Scripted TV Formats’, Television & New Media, 17(1), pp. 3–20. doi: 10.1177/1527476414561089.
Champagne, P. (1990) Faire l'opinion - le nouveau Jeu politique. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit.
Champagne, P. (2004) ´Making the People Speak: The Use of Public Opinion Polls in Democracy´, Constellations, 11 (1), pp. 61-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1351-0487.2004.00362.x.
Chandler, Daniel. (1997). An Introduction to Genre Theory. Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/intgenre/intgenre1.html
Chen E., Lerman K. & Ferrara E. (2020) ‘Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set’, JMIR Public Health Surveillance 2020;6(2):e19273. doi: 10.2196/19273.
Chen, W. & Thorson, E. (2021) ‘Perceived individual and societal values of news and paying for subscriptions’, Journalism, 22(6), pp. 1296–1316. doi: 10.1177/1464884919847792.
Cheng, J. & Guo, J. L. C. (2019) ‘Activity-based analysis of open source software contributors: roles and dynamics’, Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE '19), IEEE Press, pp. 11–18. doi: 10.1109/CHASE.2019.00011.
Cheng, Y. & Chen, Z. F. (2020) ‘The Influence of Presumed Fake News Influence: Examining Public Support for Corporate Corrective Response, Media Literacy Interventions, and Governmental Regulation’, Mass Communication and Society, 23:5, pp. 705-729. doi: 10.1080/15205436.2020.1750656.
Chenou, J-M. (2014) ‘From Cyber-Libertarianism to Neoliberalism: Internet Exceptionalism, Multi-stakeholderism, and the Institutionalisation of Internet Governance in the 1990s’, Globalizations, 11:2, 205-223. doi: 10.1080/14747731.2014.887387.
Christians, C. G. et al. (2009). Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Christin, A. (2020) ‘The Ethnographer and the Algorithm: Beyond the Black Box’, Theory and Society, 49.5: 897-918. doi: 10.1007/s11186-020-09411-3.
Clark, G., Thrift, N. & Tickell, A. (2004) ‘Performing finance: the industry, the media and its image’, Review of International Political Economy, 11:2, pp. 289-310. doi: 10.1080/09692290420001672813.
Classen, M. et al. (2019) ‘Everything as a service? Introducing the St.Gallen IGaaS Management Model’. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Smart Services Summit. Thun : Swiss Alliance for Data-Intensive Services, 2019, S. 61-65.Available at: https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/publications/257814
Cohen, N.S. (2015) ‘Entrepreneurial journalism and the precarious state of media work’, The South Atlantic Quarterly 114(3): 513–533. doi: 10.1215/00382876-3130723.
Colbjørnsen, T. (2021) ‘The streaming network: Conceptualizing distribution economy, technology, and power in streaming media services’, Convergence, 27(5), pp. 1264–1287. doi: 10.1177/1354856520966911.
Colbjørnsen, T., Hui, A. & Solstad, B. (2021) ‘What do you pay for all you can eat? Pricing practices and strategies in streaming media services’, Journal of Media Business Studies. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568.
Coleman, B. (2012) ‘Everything is Animated: Pervasive Media and the Networked Subject’, Body & Society, 18(1), pp. 79–98. doi: 10.1177/1357034X11433488.
Colombo, F. (1993). Le nuove tecnologie della comunicazione. Milano: Bompiani.
Colombo, F. (2018) ‘Gramsci un Pensatore Moderno’., In Colombo, F. (ed.) Gramsci Reloaded. Una Teorica Sociale della Cultura. Milano: Rogas.
Colombo, F. (2022). Verità e democrazia. Sulle orme di Michel Foucault, Milano: Mimesis Edizioni.
Collins, H. (2018). Artifictional Intelligence: Against Humanity’s Surrender to Computers. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Collins, H. (2021) The science of artificial intelligence and its critics, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 46:1-2, 53-70, doi: 10.1080/03080188.2020.1840821.
Compton, J.R. & Benedetti, P. (2010) ‘Labour, new media and the institutional restructuring of journalism’, Journalism Studies, 11(4): pp. 487–499. doi:10.1080/14616701003638350.
Corbu, N. et al. (2020) ‘‘They can’t fool me, but they can fool the others!’ Third person effect and fake news detection’, European Journal of Communication, 35(2), pp. 165–180. doi: 10.1177/0267323120903686.
Corner, J. (2018) ‘'Mediatization': Media Theory's Word of the Decade’, Media Theory, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 79-90, dec. 2018. ISSN 2557-826X. Available at: https://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/article/view/58.
Cornia, A. (2016) ‘TV-centrism and politicisation in Italy: obstacles to new media development and pluralism’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(2), pp. 175–195. doi: 10.1177/0163443715594035.
Cornia, A., Sehl, A. & Nielsen, R. K. (2020) ‘‘We no longer live in a time of separation’: A comparative analysis of how editorial and commercial integration became a norm’, Journalism, 21(2), pp. 172–190. doi: 10.1177/1464884918779919.
Costera Meijer, I. (2001) ’The public quality of popular journalism: Developing a normative framework’, Journalism Studies 2(2): 189–205. doi: 10.1080/14616700120042079.
Cotter, K., DeCook, J. R. and Kanthawala, S. (2022) ‘Fact-Checking the Crisis: COVID-19, Infodemics, and the Platformization of Truth’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051211069048.
Couchot, E. (2019) ‘The Ordered Mosaic, or Screen Overtaken by Computation’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Couldry, N. and Hepp, A. (2017). The Mediated Construction of Reality. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Couldry, N. & Hepp, A. (2018) ‘The continuing lure of the mediated centre in times of deep mediatization: Media Events and its enduring legacy’, Media, Culture & Society, 40(1), pp. 114–117. doi: 10.1177/0163443717726009.
Couldry, N., Livingstone, S., and Markham, T. (2010). Media Consumption and Public Engagement: Beyond the Presumption of Attention. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Courtois, C., Verdegem, P. and De Marez, L. (2013) ‘The Triple Articulation of Media Technologies in Audiovisual Media Consumption’, Television & New Media, 14(5), pp. 421–439. doi: 10.1177/1527476412439106.
Craig, G. (1999) ‘Plastic vision: an analysis of Reuters Financial Television’, UTS Review, 5: 111–25.
Crang, M. & Graham, S. (2007) ‘SENTIENT CITIES Ambient Intelligence and the Politics of Urban Space’, Information, Communication & Society, 10:6, pp. 789-817. doi: 10.1080/13691180701750991.
Crang, M. & Graham, S. (2007) ‘SENTIENT CITIES. Ambient intelligence and the politics of urban space’, Information, Communication & Society, 10:6, 789817. doi: 10.1080/13691180701750991.
Crawford, K. (2016) ‘Can an Algorithm be Agonistic? Ten Scenes from Life in Calculated Publics’, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 41(1), pp. 77–92. doi: 10.1177/0162243915589635.
Cubitt, S. (2019) ‘Current Screens’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Cunha E. et al. (2018) ‘Fake News as We Feel It: Perception and Conceptualization of the Term “Fake News” in the Media’. In: Staab S., Koltsova O. and Ignatov D. (eds.) Social Informatics. SocInfo 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11185. Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-01129-1_10.
Cunningham, S. & Craig, D. (2017) ‘Being ‘really real’ on YouTube: authenticity, community and brand culture in social media entertainment’, Media International Australia, 164(1), pp. 71–81. doi: 10.1177/1329878X17709098.
Cunningham, S. & Craig, D. (2019) Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley. New York: New York University Press.
Curran, J. (1991) ‘Mass Media and Democracy: A Reappraisal’. In: Curran, J. and Gurevich, M. (eds.) Mass Media and Society. London: Edward Arnold.
Dahlgren, P. (1995) Television and the Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and the Media. London: Sage.
Dahlgren, P. & Sparks, C. (eds.) (1991) Communication and Citizenship. Journalism and the Public Sphere. Oxford: Routledge.
Damásio, M. J. & Paixão da Costa, J. (2020) ‘Portuguese Soap Operas: A case study on the emergence of an original production culture’, Critical Studies in Television, 15(1), pp. 25–48. doi: 10.1177/1749602019892463.
Damian, T. (2010) ‘What are Financial Journalists For?’, Journalism Studies, 11:2, pp. 158-174. doi: 10.1080/14616700903378661.
Damstra, A. & Boukes, M. (2021) ‘The Economy, the News, and the Public: A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Economic News on Economic Evaluations and Expectations’, Communication Research, 48(1), pp. 26–50. doi: 10.1177/0093650217750971
Damstra, A. et al. (2021) ‘What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media’, Journalism Studies,22:14, pp. 1947-1963, doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2021.1979423.
Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene (30th anniversary ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dayan, D. & Katz, E. (1992) Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
de Reuver, M., Nikou, S. & Bouwman, H. (2016) ‘Domestication of smartphones and mobile applications: A quantitative mixed-method study’, Mobile Media & Communication, 4(3), pp. 347–370. doi: 10.1177/2050157916649989.
de Vreese, C. H. et al. (2018) ‘Populism as an Expression of Political Communication Content and Style: A New Perspective’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(4), pp. 423–438. doi: 10.1177/1940161218790035.
de Vries, K. (2010) ‘Identity, profiling algorithms and a world of ambient intelligence’, Ethics Inf Technol 12, 71–85 (2010). doi: 10.1007/s10676-009-9215-9.
Deery, J. (2015) Reality TV. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000) ‘In Search of the informed Citizen: What Americans know about politics and why it matters’, The Communication Review, 4:1, pp. 129-164. doi: 10.1080/10714420009359466.
Demers, D. & Merskin, D. (2000) ‘Corporate News Structure and the Managerial Revolution’, Journal of Media Economics, 13:2, pp. 103-121. doi: 10.1207/S15327736ME1302_4.
Denise, A. Smith, S. W. & Williamson, T. (2007) ‘The Quality of Open-Source Production: Zealots and Good Samaritans in the Case of Wikipedia’, Computer Science Technical Report TR2007-606. Available at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/cs_tr/306
Detoc, M. et al. (2020) ‘Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic’, Vaccine, 2020 Oct 21;38(45):7002-7006. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041.
Deuze, M. (2005) ‘Popular journalism and professional ideology: tabloid reporters and editors speak out’, Media, Culture & Society, 27(6), pp. 861–882. doi: 10.1177/0163443705057674.
Deuze, M. (2005) ‘What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered’, Journalism, 6(4), pp. 442–464. doi: 10.1177/1464884905056815.
Deuze, M. (2007) ‘Convergence culture in the creative industries’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), pp. 243–263. doi: 10.1177/1367877907076793.
Deuze, M. (2008) ‘The changing context of news work: Liquid journalism for a monitorial citizenry’, International Journal of Communication 2. Available at: ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/290
Deuze, M. (2009) ‘Media Industries, Work and Life’, European Journal of Communication, 24(4), pp. 467–480. doi: 10.1177/0267323109345523.
Deuze, M. (2011) ‘Media life’, Media, Culture & Society, 33(1), pp. 137–148. doi: 10.1177/0163443710386518.
Deuze, M. (2020) ‘The Role of Media and Mass Communication Theory in the Global Pandemic’, Communication Today, 11(2), 4-16. Available at: https://www.communicationtoday.sk/the-role- of-media-and-mass-communication-theory-in-the-global-pandemic/
Deuze, M. and Witschge, T. (2018) ‘Beyond journalism: Theorizing the transformation of journalism’, Journalism, 19(2), pp. 165–181. doi: 10.1177/1464884916688550.
Diakopoulos, N. (2015) ‘Algorithmic Accountability’, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 398-415. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2014.976411.
Dickinson, R. et al. (2001) ‘Breakfast, Time, and “Breakfast Time”: Television, Food, and the Household Organization of Consumption’, Television & New Media, 2(3), pp. 235–256. doi: 10.1177/152747640100200304.
Djankov, S, Caralee, M and Nenova, T. (2003) ‘Who owns the media?’ Journal of Law & Economics 46(2): 341–381. doi: 10.1086/377116.
Dobber, T. et al. (2021) ‘Do (Microtargeted) Deepfakes Have Real Effects on Political Attitudes?’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(1), pp. 69–91. doi: 10.1177/1940161220944364.
Douglas, K.M. et al. (2019) ‘Understanding Conspiracy Theories’, Political Psychology, 40: 3-35. doi: 10.1111/pops.12568.
Doyle, G. (2006) ‘Financial news journalism: A post-Enron analysis of approaches towards economic and financial news production in the UK’, Journalism, 7(4), pp. 433–452. doi: 10.1177/1464884906068361.
Doyle, G. (2011) ‘Media Economics and Regulation’. In: Towse, R. (ed.) A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dreier, P. (1982) ‘Capitalists vs. the media: an analysis of an ideological mobilization among business leaders’, Media, Culture & Society, 4(2), pp. 111–132. doi: 10.1177/016344378200400203.
Driessens, O. (2013) ‘The celebritization of society and culture: Understanding the structural dynamics of celebrity culture’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 16(6), pp. 641–657. doi: 10.1177/1367877912459140.
Druick, Z. (2016) ‘The Myth of Media Literacy’, International Journal Of Communication, 10, 20. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2797/1583
Ducheneaut, N. (2005) ‘Socialization in an Open-Source Software Community: A Socio-Technical Analysis’, Comput Supported Coop Work 14, 323–368 (2005). doi: 10.1007/s10606-005-9000-1.
Dunn, J. (1994) ‘Preface to Contemporary Crisis of the Nation State?’, [Special issue] Political Studies, 42, pp. 3–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb00002.x.
Dusenberry, L., Hutter, L. & Robinson, J. (2015) ‘Filter. Remix. Make.: Cultivating Adaptability Through Multimodality’, Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 45(3), pp. 299–322. doi: 10.1177/0047281615578851.
Dyson, E. (1997). Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age. New York: Broadway Books.
Eaton, B. et al. (2015) ’Distributed Tuning of Boundary Resources: The Case of Apple's iOS Service System’, MIS Quarterly, 39(1), 217-244, A1-A12. doi: 10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.1.10.
Eberl, J.-M., Wagner, M. & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2017) ‘Are Perceptions of Candidate Traits Shaped by the Media? The Effects of Three Types of Media Bias’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(1), pp. 111–132. doi: 10.1177/1940161216674651.
Eco, U. (1984) ‘A falação esportiva’. In ECO, U. (1984) Viagem na irrealidade quotidiana. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
Eco, U. (1990) ‘A Guide to the Neo-Television of the 1980s’. In: Barański, Z.G. and Lumley R. (eds) Culture and Conflict in Postwar Italy. University of Reading European and International Studies. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Eco, U. (1994) ‘Does Counter-Culture exist ?. In: Lomley, R. (ed.) Apocalypse Postponed: Essays by Umberto Eco. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Eco, U. (1994) ‘The Holy War: Mac vs. DOS’, La bustina di Minerva, L’Espresso, September 30, 1994. Available at: http://umbertoecoreaders.blogspot.com/2007/11/holy-war-mac-vs-dos.html
Eco, U. (2001) Apocalittici e integrati: Communicazioni di massa e teorie della cultura di massa. Milano: Bompiani.
Eco, U. (2001a) ‘Il Medium Precede Il Messaggio´, Available at: https://espresso.repubblica.it
Eco, U. (2003) ‘Vegetal and mineral memory: the future of books’. Available at: https://www.bibalex.org/Attachments/Publications/Files/Umberto_Eco_.pdf
Eco, U. (2007) Turning Back the Clock: Hot Wars and Media Populism. London: Harcourt.
Eco, U. (2011) La memoria vegetale e altri scritti di bibliofilia. Milano: Bompiani.
Eco, U. and Carrière J.-C. (2012) This is Not the End of the Book. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Eco, U. (2016) ‘La falsification au moyen âge’. In: Eco, U. (ed.) Écrits sur la pensée au moyen âge. Paris: Grasset.
Eco, Umberto (2018) ‘Per una guerriglia semiologica’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla Televisione Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La Nave de Teseo.
Eco, Umberto (2018a) ‘Il cogito interruptus’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla Televisione Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La Nave de Teseo.
Eco, U. (2018c) ‘TV: la trasparenza perduta’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla televisione. Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La nave di Teseo.
Eco, U. (2018d) ‘Lineamenti di una ricerca semiologica sul messaggio televisivo’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla televisione. Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La nave di Teseo.
Eco, U. (2021) ‘Hard and Soft Communication’, Observatorio (OBS*), 15(2). doi: 10.15847/obsOBS15220212010.
Edgerly, S. & Vraga, E. K. (2019) ‘News, entertainment, or both? Exploring audience perceptions of media genre in a hybrid media environment’, Journalism, 20(6), pp. 807–826. doi: 10.1177/1464884917730709.
Edy, J. A. Snidow, S. M. and Rozzell, B. L. (2016) ‘Authenticating the Political’, Journalism Studies, 17:2, 247-262. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.974992.
Egelhofer, J. L. & Lecheler, S. (2019) ‘Fake news as a two-dimensional phenomenon: a framework and research agenda’, Annals of the International Communication Association, 43:2, pp. 97-116. doi: 10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782.
Egelhofer, J.L. et al. (2020) ‘From Novelty to Normalization? How Journalists Use the Term “Fake News” in their Reporting’, Journalism Studies, 21:10, 1323-1343. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2020.1745667.
Ekdale, B., Tully, S.H. & Singer, J.B. (2015) ‘Newswork within a culture of job insecurity’, Journalism Practice 9(3): pp. 383–398. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2014.963376.
Eldridge, J. (2000). The Contribution of the Glasgow Media Group to the Study of Television and Print Journalism. Journalism Studies, 1(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/146167000361203
Elias, Norbert (2001) Society of individuals. New Jersey: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Ellison, N., Heino, R. & Gibbs, J. (2006) ‘Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in online dating environment’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11: pp. 415–441. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00020.x.
Elmer, G. (2004) Profiling Machines: Mapping the Personal Information Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Enli, G. (2015) Mediated Authenticity: How the Media Constructs Reality. New York: Peter Lang.
Enli, G. & Rosenberg, L. T. (2018) ‘Trust in the Age of Social Media: Populist Politicians Seem More Authentic’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305118764430.
Entman, R. M. (1993) ‘Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm’, Journal of Communication, Autumn 1993, 43, 4; ABI/INFORM Global.
Eslami, M., et al. (2015). ‘I always assumed that I wasn't really that close to [her]: Reasoning about invisible algorithms in news feeds’, in CHI 2015 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Crossings, pp. 153-162. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings; Vol. 2015-April. Association for Computing Machinery. doi:10.1145/2702123.2702556.
Esquenazi, J. P. (2003) Sociologie des publics. Paris: Éd. La Découverte, coll. Repères.
Esser, A. (2020) ‘The appeal of ‘authenticity’: Danish TV series and UK audiences’. In Jensen, P.M. and Jacobsen, U.C. (eds.) The Global Audiences of Danish Television Drama. Gothenburg: Nordicom.
Esser, F. (1999) ‘`Tabloidization’ of News: A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-American and German Press Journalism’, European Journal of Communication, 14(3), pp. 291–324. doi: 10.1177/0267323199014003001.
Esser, F. (2008) ‘Dimensions of Political News Cultures: Sound Bite and Image Bite News in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 13(4), pp. 401–428. doi: 10.1177/1940161208323691.
Esser, F. et al. (2012) ‘Political Information Opportunities in Europe: A Longitudinal and Comparative Study of Thirteen Television Systems’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 17(3), pp. 247–274. doi: 10.1177/1940161212442956.
Evens, T., Henderickx, A., & De Marez, L. (2021) ‘Generation Stream: The Audiovisual Repertoire of Teenagers’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 65(2), pp. 185-204. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2021.1944146.
Fagerjord A. & Kueng, L. (2019) ’Mapping the core actors and flows in streaming video services: what Netflix can tell us about these new media networks’, Journal of Media Business Studies, 16:3, pp. 166-181. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2019.1684717.
Fagerjord, A. (2010) ‘After Convergence: YouTube and Remix Culture’. In Hunsinger, J., Klastrup, L. and Allen, M. (eds.) International Handbook of Internet Research. Heidelberg: Springer.
Farchy, J., Bideau, G., & Tallec, S. (2021) ‘Content quotas and prominence on VOD services: new challenges for audiovisual european regulators’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, pp. 1-12. doi: 10.1080/10286632.2021.1967944.
Farkas, J. & Schou, J. (2020) ‘Post-Truth Discourses and their Limits: A Democratic Crisis?’ In Terzis, G. et al. (ed.) Disinformation and Digital Media as a Challenge for Democracy. Cambridge: Intersentia.
Fast, K., Örnebring, H. & Karlsson, M. (2016) ‘Metaphors of free labor: a typology of unpaid work in the media sector’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(7), pp. 963–978. doi: 10.1177/0163443716635861.
Favaretto, M., De Clercq, E. & Elger, B.S. (2019) ‘Big Data and discrimination: perils, promises and solutions. A systematic review.’ J Big Data 6, 12 (2019). doi: 10.1186/s40537-019-0177-4.
Fengler, S. et al. (2015) ‘How effective is media self-regulation? Results from a comparative survey of European journalists’, European Journal of Communication, 30(3), pp. 249–266. doi: 10.1177/0267323114561009.
Fentress, J. and Wickham, C. (1992). Social memory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Fergusson, M. (1990). Public Communication. The New Imperatives. London: Sage.
Figueiras R. (2018) ‘Pluralismo ou Paralelismo? O comentário político nos noticiários do prime-time na televisão portuguesa’, Estudos em Comunicação, nº 26, vol.1, 323-343. doi: 10.20287/ec.n26.v1.a19.
Finneman, T. & Thomas, R. J. (2018) ‘A family of falsehoods: Deception, media hoaxes and fake news’, Newspaper Research Journal, 39(3), pp. 350–361. doi: 10.1177/0739532918796228.
Fisher, C. (2017) ‘Re-assessing the “Public's Right to Know” ‘, Journalism Studies, 18:3, pp. 358-375, doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2015.1065196.
Flath, C.M. et al. (2017) ‘Copy, transform, combine: exploring the remix as a form of innovation’, J Inf Technol 32, 306–325. doi: 10.1057/s41265-017-0043-9.
Forelle, M. (2015) ‘Political Bots and the Manipulation of Public Opinion in Venezuela’, SSRN. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2635800
Fornas, J. et al. (ed.) (2007) Consuming Media: Communication, Shopping and Everyday Life. Oxford: Berg.
Fornas, J., (2016) ‘The Mediatization of Third-Time Tools: Culturalizing and Historicizing Temporality’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5082/1821
Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Pantheon.
Frankenberg, R. (1978) ‘The Myth of Mass Culture’, Sociology, 12(2), pp. 394–396. doi: 10.1177/003803857801200232.
Freedman, D. (2003) ‘Cultural policymaking in the free trade era: an evaluation of the impact of current world trade organisation negotiations on audio‐visual industries’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 9:3, pp. 285-298. doi: 10.1080/1028663032000161704.
Freedman, D. (2012) ‘The Phone Hacking Scandal: Implications for Regulation’, Television & New Media, 13(1), pp. 17–20. doi: 10.1177/1527476411425253.
Freedman, D. (2014) ´Metrics, models and the meaning of media ownership’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 20:2, pp. 170-185, doi: 10.1080/10286632.2012.752821.
Freedman, D., (2015) ‘Paradigms of Media Power’, Communication, Culture and Critique, Volume 8, Issue 2, 1 June 2015, pp. 273–289. doi: 10.1111/cccr.12081.
Freelon D. & Wells, C. (2020) ‘Disinformation as Political Communication’, Political Communication, 37:2, pp. 145-156. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755.
Friedberg, A. (2019) ‘The multiple’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The Screen Media Reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Fuchs, C. et al. (2011) ‘Introduction: Internet and surveillance’. In Fuchs, C. et al. Internet and surveillance. The challenges of web 2.0 and social media. Oxford: Routledge.
Gabler, N. (2001) ‘Toward a New Definition of Celebrity’, The Norman Lear Center, Annenberg School of Communication, University of Southern California. Available at: http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/Gabler.pdf
Galtung, J. & Ruge, M. H. (1965) ‘The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers’, Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), pp. 64–90. doi: 10.1177/002234336500200104.
Garnham, N. (1990) Capitalism and Communication: Global Culture and the Economics of Information. London: Sage.
Garud R., Jain S. & Tuertscher P. (2009) ‘Incomplete by Design and Designing for Incompleteness’. In: Lyytinen, K. et al. (eds.) Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 14. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-92966-6_7.
Gauchat, G. (2012) ‘Politicization of Science in the Public Sphere: A Study of Public Trust in the United States, 1974 to 2010’, American Sociological Review, 77(2), pp. 167–187. doi: 10.1177/0003122412438225.
Gaustad, T. (2000) ‘The Economics of Sports Programming’, Nordicom Review 21 (2): 101–113. Available at: https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/45_Gaustad.pdf
Geiger, R. S. (2017) ‘Beyond opening up the black box: Investigating the role of algorithmic systems in Wikipedian organizational culture’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/2053951717730735.
Genner, S. & Süss, D. (2017) ‘Socialization as Media Effect’. In: Rössler, P., Hoffner, C.A. and Zoonen L. (eds.) The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects. doi: 10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0138.
Gentzkow, M. & Shapiro, J. M. (2011) ‘Ideological Segregation Online and Offline’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 126, Issue 4, November 2011, pp. 1799–1839. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjr044.
Gerbner G. (1969) ‘Pouvoir institutionnalisé et systèmes de messages’, Communications, 14, 1969, pp. 116-128. doi:10.3406/comm.1969.1200.
Gerbner, G. (1961) ‘Press Perspectives in World Communication: A Pilot Study’, Journalism Quarterly, 38(3), pp. 313–322. doi: 10.1177/107769906103800305.
Gerbner, G. (1965) ‘Institutional pressures upon mass communications’. In: McQuail, D. (ed.) Towards a Sociology of Mass Communications. London: MacMillan Publishers.
Ghaffari, K. & Lagzian, M. (2018) ‘Exploring users’ experiences of using personal cloud storage services: a phenomenological study’, Behaviour & Information Technology, 37:3, 295-309. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2018.1435722.
Giddens, A. (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Giddens, A. (1991). The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Gillespie, T. (2014) ‘The Relevance of Algorithms’. In: Gillespie, T., Boczkowski, P. J. and Foot, K. A. (eds.) Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gillespie, T. (2018) Custodians of the Internet. Platforms, Content Moderation and Hidden Decision that Shape Social Media. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Gillespie, T. (2020) ‘Content moderation, AI, and the question of scale’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/2053951720943234.
Gillespie, T. & Seaver, N. (2016) ‘Critical algorithm studies: A reading lis’. Available at: https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Gillespie, T. et al. (2020) ‘Expanding the debate about content moderation: scholarly research agendas for the coming policy debates’, Internet Policy Review, 9(4). doi: 10.14763/2020.4.1512.
Gilmour, D. (1991). The Last Leopard. New York: Pantheon Books.
Goffman, E. (1959) The presentation of self in everyday life. London: Bantam Books.
Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Goggin, G. (2009) ‘Adapting the mobile phone: The iPhone and its consumption’, Continuum, 23:2, pp. 231-244. doi: 10.1080/10304310802710546.
Goggin, G. (2011) ‘Ubiquitous apps: politics of openness in global mobile cultures’, Digital Creativity, 22:3, pp. 148-159. doi: 10.1080/14626268.2011.603733.
Goggin, G. (2014) ‘Facebook’s mobile career’, New Media & Society, 16(7), pp. 1068–1086. doi: 10.1177/1461444814543996.
Golding, P. (1990) ‘Political Communication and Citizenship: The Media and Democracy in an Inegalitarian Social Order’. In: Ferguson, M. (ed.) Public Communication. The New Imperatives. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Goldsmith, B. (2014) ‘The smartphone app economy and app ecosystems’, in Goggin, G. and Hjorth, L. (eds.) Routledge companion to mobile media. Oxford: Routledge.
Gomes, A. & Cardoso, G. (2018) ‘Pósfácio- Carta de Princípios do Jornalismo na Era da Internet’. In: Cardoso, G., Pinto-Martinho, A. and Crespo, M. (eds.) Jornalismo, Indignação e Esperança. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Graber, D. A. (1976) ‘Press and TV as Opinion Resources in Presidential Campaigns’, Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 40, Issue 3, Fall 1976, Pages 285–303. doi: 10.1086/268306.
Graefe, A. et al. (2018) ‘Readers’ perception of computer-generated news: Credibility, expertise, and readability’, Journalism, 19(5), pp. 595–610. doi: 10.1177/1464884916641269.
Graf-Vlachy, L. et al. (2020) ‘Media Coverage of Firms: Background, Integration, and Directions for Future Research’, Journal of Management, 46(1), pp. 36–69. doi: 10.1177/0149206319864155.
Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks. In: Hoare Q. and Nowell-Smith, G. (ed.), London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Gran, Anne-Britt, Booth, P. & Bucher T. (2020) ‘To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide?’, Information, Communication & Society. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2020.1736124.
Granka, L. A. (2010) ’The Politics of Search: A Decade Retrospective’, The Information Society, 26:5, pp. 364-374. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2010.511560.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973) ‘The Strength of Weak Ties’, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), pp. 1360–1380. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2776392
Greenfield, C. and Williams, P. (2007) ‘Financialization, finance rationality and the role of media in Australia’, Media, Culture & Society, 29(3), pp. 415–433. doi: 10.1177/0163443707076183.
Groot K. T. & Meijer, I. C. (2014) ‘Tailor-made news: Meeting the demands of news users on mobile and social media’, Journalism Studies, 15(5), pp. 632–641. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.894367.
Gruzd, A. et al. (2021) ‘Studying the COVID-19 infodemic at scale’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/20539517211021115.
Guadagno, R. E. et al. (2013) ‘What makes a video go viral? An analysis of emotional contagion and Internet memes’, Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), pp. 2312–2319. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.016.
Guo, L. & Vargo, C. (2020) ‘Fake News and Emerging Online Media Ecosystem: An Integrated Intermedia Agenda-Setting Analysis of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election’, Communication Research, 47(2), pp. 178–200. doi: 10.1177/0093650218777177.:
