Almond, Gabriel e Sidney Verba (1963 ), The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton, Princeton University Press
Barbalet, J. M. (1989), A Cidadania, Lisboa, Estampa, (Cap II e Cap III), pp 30-71.
Della Porta, D. and M. Diani. Social Movements. An Introduction. Hoboken: Wiley, pp. 93-121, pp. 164-191, pp. 194-218
Esping-Andersen, G. (1991) "As três economias políticas do welfare state". Lua Nova, nº24, pp.90-116.
Habermas, J. (1995) Três modelos normativos de democracia. Lua Nova
Heather, D. (2004) A brief history of citizenship. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
Inglehart, Ronald (1977), The Silent Revolution: Values and Political Styles Among Western Politics, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Young, Iris Marion. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.:
Secundária
Accornero, G. e P. Ramos Pinto, '"Mild Mannered"? Protest and Mobilisation in Portugal under Austerity, 2010-2013'. West European Politics 38 (3): 491-515
Accornero, Guya, and O. Fillieule. 2016. ?So many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable?, in Social Movement Studies in Europe. The State of the Art, ed. by Olivier Fillieule and Guya Accornero. Oxford/New York, Berghahn, pp. 1-18
Adut, A. 2012. ?A Theory of the Public Sphere?, Sociological Theory 30(4) 238?262
Akkerman, T. (2012). ?Comparing Radical Right Parties in Government: Immigration and Integration Policies in Nine Countries (1996?2010)?, West European Politics 35(3): 511-529
Bauböck, R. e Tripkovic, M. (2018). The integration of migrants and refugees : an EUI forum on migration, citizenship and demography. Florence: EUI (open access)
Baum, M. e A. Espitiro Santos (2012), ?Portugal's quota-parity law: an analysis of its adoption?, West European Politics 35(2): 319-342
Beissinger, Mark. 2017. ‘“Conventional” and “Virtual” Civil Societies in Autocratic Regimes’, Comparative Politics 49(3): 351-371
Bellamy, R. e Castiglione, D. (2004) Lineages of European Citizenship. Rights, belonging and Participation in Eleven Nation-states. Palgrave Macmillan, Intro e conclusions.
Catroga, Fernando e Pedro Tavares de Almeida (orgs) (2010), Res Pública. Cidadania e representação política em Portugal, 1820-1926, pp 60-89, 142-155, 258
Choi, M. 2016.? A Concept Analysis of Digital Citizenship for Democratic Citizenship Education in the Internet Age?, Theory & Research in Social Education 44(4): 565-607.
Dalton, R. e Welzel (2014) "From allegiant to assertive citizens" em Dalton, R. e Welzel (eds.) The civic culture transformed. From allegiant to assertive citizens. Cambridge
Drake, Anna, 2021. Activism, Inclusion, and the Challenges of Deliberative Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Falanga, Roberto, and Ligia Lüchmann. 2020. ‘Participatory Budgets in Brazil and Portugal: Comparing Patterns of Dissemination’, Policy Studies 41(6): 603-622.
Ferguson, A. G. (2017). The rise of big data policing: Surveillance, race, and the future of law enforcement. New York University Press
Fishman, Robert. 2019. Democratic Practice. Origins of the Iberian Divide in Political Inclusion, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Freire, André (2003), "Pós-Materialismo e Comportamentos Políticos: O caso Português em Perspectiva Comparativa", in Jorge Vala, Manuel Villaverde Cabral e Alice Ramos (orgs),Valores Sociais: Mudanças e Contrastes em Portugal e na Europa, Lisboa, ICS
Freire, André (2008), "Os referendos sobre a interrupção voluntária da gravidez: a participação diferencial como chave dos resultados", in André Freire (org), Sociedade Civil, Democracia Participativa e Poder Político, Lisboa, Fundação Friedricht Ebert, pp 41-66.
Hiebert, Kyle. 2024. ‘Generative AI Risks Further Atomizing Democratic Societies’, Centre for international governance innovation https://www.cigionline.org/articles/generative-ai-risks-further-atomizing-democratic-societies/
Hooghe, Marc e Ellen Quintelier (2014), "Political participation in European countries: The effect of authoritarian rule, corruption, lack of good governance and economic downturn", Comparative European Politics, 12, 209-232.
Inglehart, Ronald (2008): Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006, West European Politics, 31:1-2, 130-146.
Kaase, M. 2007. ‘Perspectives on Political Participation’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, edited by Russell J. Dalton and Hans?Dieter Klingemann. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Koopmans, R. 2007. ‘Social Movements’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, edited by R. J. Dalton and H.D. Klingemann. Oxford: OUP.
Lister, Ruth (2003) Sexual Citizenship. Em Isin, E. e Turner, B. (2003) Handbook of citizenship studies. Sage Publications, pp. 131-157
Luchmann, L. e B. Baumgarten (2018), eds., Modalidades e trajetórias de participação política no Brasil e em Portugal, Florianopolis, Editora Insular
Magalhães, Pedro (2004), "Democratas, descontentes e desafectos: as atitudes dos portugueses em relação ao sistema político", in Freire, Costa Lobo e Magalhães, Portugal a Votos: as eleições legislativas de 2002, Lisboa, ICS: 333-36
Marshall, T. H. (1963), "Citizenship and social class", in Sociology at the crossroads and other essays, cap IV, Londres: Heinemann Educational Books, pp 67-127
Micheletti, M, Stolle, D. 2012. Sustainable Citizenship and the New Politics of Consumption, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Mishra, Ramesh (1995), O Estado-Providência na Sociedade Capitalista, Oeiras, Celta, pp 5-19
Norris, Pippa. 2002. Democratic Phoenix. Reinventing Political Activism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Parvin, P. 2018. ?Democracy Without Participation: A New Politics for a Disengaged Era?, Res Publica 24: 31-52
Patenam, C. (1988) The Patriarchal Welfare State: Women and Democracy. em Gutman, A. (1988) Democracy and the Welfare State. Princeton: Princeton University
Pickering, J. Bäckstrand, K. e Schlosberg, D. 2020. Between environmental and ecological democracy: theory and practice at the democracy-environment nexus, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning
Rodima-Taylor, Daivi. 2024. ‘Grassroots Data Activism and Polycentric Governance. Perspectives from the Margins’, in Global Digital Data Governance Polycentric Perspectives, ed. by Carolina Aguerre, Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn, Jan Aart Scholte. Abingdon: Routledge.
Sassen, S. (1996) Losing Control?: Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. Columbia University Press, capítulo 3.
Schäfer, M. 2015. ‘Digital Public Sphere’, in Mazzoleni, Gianpietro et al. (2015, Eds.): The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication. London: Wiley Blackwell. Pp. 322-328.
Schäfer, Mike. 2015. ‘Digital Public Sphere’, in The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, ed. by Gianpietro Mazzoleni et al. London: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 322-328.
Shachar, A. (2009) The Birthright lottery: Citizenship and Global inequality
Silva, F. C. da Brito Vieira, Mónica (2016) Direitos sociais na Constituição: uma análise da constitucionalização dos direitos sociais em Portugal, 1975-76, Relações internacionais, 49, pp.69-94
Silva, F. C. da Vieira, M. B.Pereira, C. R.(2017) Waiting for Godot? Welfare Attitudes in Portugal before and after the Financial Crisis, Political studies Vol. 65
Smith, Adrian, and Pedro Prieto Martín. 2021. ‘Going Beyond the Smart City? Implementing Technopolitical Platforms for Urban Democracy in Madrid and Barcelona’, Journal of Urban Technology 28(1-2): 311-330
Souza, Celina. 2000. ‘Participatory Budgeting in Brazilian Cities: Limits and Possibilities in Building Democratic Institutions’, Environment and Urbanization 13(1): 159-184
Tarrow, S. 2011. Power in Movement. Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.1-29; pp. 196-2014
Turner, B. (2016) We are all denizens now: on the erosion of citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 20 (6-7), pp. 679-692.
Viegas, José Manuel Leite e Belchior, Ana (2010), "Mudanças e continuidades no modelo de participação política em Portugal. Análise comparada europeia", Perspectivas, nº 5, pp 18-42.
Viegas, José Manuel Leite e Eduardo Costa Dias (2000), "Globalização e novos horizontes da cidadania", in José Manuel Leite Viegas e Eduardo Costa Dias (orgs), Cidadania, Integração, Globalização, Oeiras Celta, pp 1-10.: