Ficha Unidade Curricular (FUC)

Informação Geral / General Information

Carga Horária / Course Load

Área científica / Scientific area

Economia Política

Departamento / Department

Departamento de Economia Política

Ano letivo / Execution Year

2025/2026

Pré-requisitos / Pre-Requisites

Conhecimentos básicos de Economia

Objetivos Gerais / Objectives

O Programa da disciplina de Globalização e Desafios de Desenvolvimento visa alcançar três tipos de objectivos distintos: a) Providenciar uma perspectiva crítica e informada sobre a complexidade dos processos de globalização. b) Promover o conhecimento e a discussão dos principais desafios de desenvolvimento gobal. c) Discutir as formas de acção colectiva (estatal e não-estatal) mais adequadas para lidar com as causas e os impactos dos problemas de desenvolvimento global.

Objetivos de Aprendizagem e a sua compatibilidade com o método de ensino (conhecimentos, aptidões e competências a desenvolver pelos estudantes) / Learning outcomes

Na concretização daqueles objectivos, esta disciplina visa o desenvolvimento dos seguintes tipos de competências: OA1. Conhecimento e compreensão da articulação entre processos de globalização e desafios de desenvolvimento global OA2. Aplicação de conhecimentos , capacidade de articular a abordagem conceptual e a abordagem teórica com a reflexão sobre problemas específicos OA3. Capacidade de avaliação da coerência e pertinência das intervenções na promoção do desenvolvimento. OA4. Comunicação, capacidade de elaborar argumentos fundamentados e de os comunicar a outrem.

Conteúdos Programáticos / Syllabus

1. Globalização e desenvolvimento: aspectos conceptuais e históricos 2. Comércio internacional e investimento 3. Pobreza e desigualdade 4. Migrações 5. Ambiente 6. Inovação Social Transformadora 7. Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Demonstração da coerência dos conteúdos programáticos com os objetivos de aprendizagem da UC / Evidence that the curricular unit's content dovetails with the specified learning outcomes

Os conteúdos programáticos permitem dotar os estudantes com elementos para a compreensão e reflexão crítica acerca da articulação entre os processos de globalização e os problemas de desenvolvimento global, conhecer a avaliar a intervenção sobre o desenvolvimento (em termos de políticas públicas e acção não-estatal), bem como apontar um sentido para a possível inovação no design, implementação e gestão de acções para o desenvolvimento

Avaliação / Assessment

A avaliação da disciplina consistirá na elaboração de um trabalho de grupo com apresentação (25% da nota final) e na elaboração um ensaio individual (75% da nota final). Para os alunos que optarem por avaliação final, o ensaio individual valerá 100% da nota. Em época de recurso, os alunos serão avaliados por exame escrito (100% da nota final).

Metodologias de Ensino / Teaching methodologies

Aulas teóricas expositivas com discussão em sala de aula; procura de informação na internet e em biblioteca; trabalho colectivo e apresentação oral dos resultados; interação com o professor.

Demonstração da coerência das metodologias de ensino e avaliação com os objetivos de aprendizagem da UC / Evidence that the teaching and assessment methodologies are appropriate for the learning outcomes

As aulas teóricas expositivas seguidas de debate em sala de aula permitem transmitir e discutir a complexidade dos processos de globalização e a sua ligação com os principais desafios de desenvolvimento global, bem como o conhecimento de casos e intervenções para o desenvolvimento específicos (OA1; OA2; OA3). A procura autónoma de informação é particularmente relevante para complementar e aprofundar o processo de aprendizagem no que se refere a problemas específicos de desenvolvimento (OA2) e ao conhecimento de intervenções para a promoção do desenvolvimento(OA3). O trabalho colectivo em grupo visa todos os OAs e particularmente o OA4.

Observações / Observations

Bibliografia Principal / Main Bibliography

•David Harvey. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism •Joseph E. Stiglitz. 2017. Globalization and Its Discontents, Revisited: Anti-Globalization in the Era of Trump •Manuel Castells. 2015. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age •Thomas Piketty. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century •Richard Peete and Elaine Hartwick. 2015. Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives •Dani Rodrik. 2012. The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States and Democracy Can’t Coexist (3 rd edition) •Sakiko Fukuda-Parr. 2016. From the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals: shifts in purpose, concept, and politics of global goal setting for development •Milton Santos. 2017. Toward an Other Globalization: From the Single Thought to Universal Conscience •Tim Jackson. 2009. Prosperity Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet

Bibliografia Secundária / Secondary Bibliography

Class 2 - Theme 1 - Development Theories (Classical) BOOKS Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons: New Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. Richard Florida, 2002. The Rise Of The Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community And Everyday Life. Basic Books Class 3 - Theme 1 - Non Conventional Development Theories (+ degrowth, decolonial and feminist) BOOKS Graeber, D., & Wengrow, D. (2021). The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity (1st edition). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Graeber, D. (n.d.). The Globalization Movement: Some points of clarification. The Anarchist Library. Retrieved 21 January 2025, from https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-graeber-the-globalization-movement Graeber, D. (2002). The Anthropology of Globalization (with Notes on Neomedievalism, and the End of the Chinese Model of the Nation‐State). American Anthropologist, 104, 1222–1227. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.4.1222 new Graeber, P. D. (n.d.). Reading List: ANTHROPOLOGY AND GLOBAL HISTORY. https://monoskop.org/images/d/dc/Graeber_David_2018_Anthropology_and_Global_History_reading_list_annotated.pdf Santos, M. (2017). Toward an Other Globalization: From the Single Thought to Universal Conscience (Vol. 12). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53892-1 McNally, D. (2006). Another World Is Possible: Globalization and Anti-Capitalism (Revised and Updated edition). Arbeiter Ring Banuri, T. (1990). Modernization and its Discontents: A Cultural Perspective on Theories of Development. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198286943.003.0003 Immanuel Wallerstein . 2004. World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Duke University Press Christopher Chase-Dunn & Bruce Lerro. 2013. Social Change: Globalization from the Stone Age to the Present. Paradigm Publishers Prakash, G. (Ed.). (1994). After Colonialism: Imperial Histories and Postcolonial Displacements . Princeton University Press. Chakrabarty, D. (2007). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference - New Edition (New edition). Princeton University Press. Escobar, A. (2011). Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Revised edition). Princeton University Press. Latouche, S. (1993). In the Wake of the Affluent Society: An Exploration of Post-Development (1st English langua edition). Zed Books. Manners-Bell, J. (2023). The Death of Globalization: How Politics, Ethics and the Environment are Shaping Global Supply Chains. Sea Pen Books Ltd. ARTICLES Mohammad, A. (2013, October 29). Structuralism and Dependency Theories; Distinctions and Critiques. Alauddin’s Blog. https://alauddinmd.wordpress.com/2013/10/30/structuralism-and-dependency-theories-distinctions-and-critiques/ Barker, C. (2010). Structuralism, Poststructuralism, and Cultural Studies. In The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444337839.wbelctv3s010 Lentin, A. (2017, February 10). Decolonising epistemologies. Alana Lentin. https://www.alanalentin.net/2017/02/10/decolonising-epistemologies/ Alatas, S.H. (1972) The captive mind in development studies. International Social Science Journal , 24 (1), 9–25. Alatas, S.H. (1976) Intellectual captivity and the developing societies. Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa, Mexico, August 3–8. Alatas, S.H. (2000) Intellectual imperialism: definition, traits and problems. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science , 28 (1), 23–45. Alatas, S.F. (2003) Academic dependency and the global division of labour in the social sciences. Current Sociology slide(grey) Ivan Illich. November 6, 1969. Outwitting the “Developed” Countries. The New York Review. https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1969/11/06/outwitting-the-developed-countries Waisbord, S., & Mellado, C. (2014). De-westernizing Communication Studies: A Reassessment. Communication Theory, 24(4), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12044 Enslin, P., & Hedge, N. (2024). Decolonizing higher education: The university in the new age of Empire. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 58(2–3), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopedu/qhad052 Degrowth economics, by Serge Latouche. (November 2004). Le Monde Diplomatic. November 2004 at https://mondediplo.com/Degrowth-economics Postel-Vinay, O. (2023). The degrowth debate. Cairn’s Dossiers, 3. https://shs.cairn.info/dossier/E_CRNDOSS_062_0001 Stiglitz, J. E. (2016, August 5). Globalization and its New Discontents | by Joseph E. Stiglitz. Project Syndicate. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/globalization-new-discontents-by-joseph-e--stiglitz-2016-08 Sub-theme Feminist Theory - Glob and Developt. BOOKS McLaren, M. (Ed.). (2017). Decolonizing Feminism: Transnational Feminism and Globalization . Rowman & Littlefield International. Jackson, S., & Jones, J. (1998). Contemporary Feminist Theories. Edinburgh University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrxc7 McCracken, A. B. (2010). Globalization through Feminist Lenses. Em Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.207 Aniche, E. (2017). Feminisation of Globalism and Globalisation of Feminism: The Impacts on Women. Federici, S. (2018). Witches, Witch-Hunting, and Women. PM Press. Federici, S. (2018). Re-enchanting the World Feminism and the Politics of the Commons. Pm Press. Federici, S. (2020a). Beyond the Periphery of the Skin: Rethinking, Remaking, and Reclaiming the Body in Contemporary Capitalism . PM Press. Federici, S. (2020b). Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle . PM Press. Federici, S. (2021). Patriarchy of the Wage: Notes on Marx, Gender, and Feminism . PM Press. Federici, S., Costa, M. D., & Toupin, L. (2025). The Crisis of Social Reproduction: Silvia Federici and Mariarosa Dalla Costa in conversation with Louise Toupin (K. Roth, Trad.). Between the Lines. Abazeri, M. (2022). Decolonial feminisms and degrowth. Futures, 136, 102902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.102902 Harding, S. (2008). Sciences from Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities. Duke University Press. Saini, A. (2023). The Patriarchs . 4th Estate GB. Harcourt, W., & Nelson, I. L. (Eds.). (2015). Practising Feminist Political Ecologies: Moving Beyond the «Green Economy». Zed Books. Benhabib, S., Butler, J., Cornell, D., & Fraser, N. (2017). Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange (1st edition). Routledge. Gibson-Graham, J. K. (2011). A feminist project of belonging for the Anthropocene. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2011.535295 Allen, A. (2022). Feminist Perspectives on Power. Em E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2022). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2022/entries/feminist-power/ ARTICLES Feminist Perspectives on Globalization. Standfort Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Feminist Perspectives on Globalization. Standfort Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-globalization/ Federici, S. (2002). Women, Reproduction and Globalization. In F. Reysoo (Ed.), Économie mondialisée et identités de genre (pp. 57–78). Graduate Institute Publications. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.iheid.6171 Walby, S. (2002). Feminism in a global era. Economy and Society 31 (4), 533–557 Aguinaga, M., Lang, M., Mokrani, D., & Santillana, A. (2013). Development Critiques and Alternatives: A Feminist Perspective. Eschle, C (2004). Feminist studies of globalisation: beyond gender, beyond economism? Global Society, 18(2), 97-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360082042000207465 Alkin, K. (2019, March 9). The quiet death of globalization. Daily Sabah. https://www.dailysabah.com/columns/alkin-kerem/2019/03/09/the-quiet-death-of-globalization McCracken, A. B. (2010). Globalization through Feminist Lenses. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.207 Falquet, J. (2011). Analyzing Globalization from a Feminist Perspective. Travail, genre et sociétés, 25(1), 81–98. collins. (2013, March 19). The WID, WAD, GAD Approach on Gender Development. https://cn2collins.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/the-wid-wad-gad-approach-on-gender-development/ Resurrection Bernadette P. (2017) “Gender and environment from ‘women, environment and development’ to feminist political ecology,” in S. MacGregor (ed), Routledge Handbook of Gender and Environment. Oxon:Routledge, Part I, Chapter 4, pp 71-85. (link) Seyla Benhabib et al. (2017) Feminism and Postmodernism: An Uneasy Alliance in Feminist Contentions. A Philosophical Exchange, Seyla Benhabib, Judith Butler, Drucilla Cornell, Nancy Fraser, with an introduction by Linda Nicholson. Published by Routledge., pp. 1-16. (link) Temitope, A., & Intellectual, C. (2023). A Postmodernist Approach to Women, Development Theory and Practice. 2. S.E Gender Conference, 2023 (link) Heald *, S. (2004). Feminism and teaching about globalization: Contradictions and insights. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1476772042000177087 Zerbe Enns, C., Díaz, L. C., & Bryant-Davis, T. (2021). Transnational Feminist Theory and Practice: An Introduction. Women & Therapy, 44(1–2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2020.1774997 Shirong, L. (2016). Marx’s Thoughts on Economic Globalization. Social Sciences in China, 37(2), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2016.1162008 Aman, A. C. (1994). Introduction: Feminism and Globalization: The Impact of the Global Economy on Women and Feminist Theory Symposium. 4. Zerbe Enns, C., Díaz, L. C., & Bryant-Davis, T. (2021). Transnational Feminist Theory and Practice: An Introduction. Women & Therapy, 44(1–2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2020.1774997 Gibson-Graham, J. K. (1996). End of Capitalism (As We Knew it): A Feminist Critique of Political Economy (1a edição). Blackwell Publishers. Lee, R., Leyshon, A., & Gibson, K. (2010). Gibson-Graham, J.K. 1996: The end of capitalism (as we knew it): a feminist critique of political economy. Oxford: Blackwell. Progress in Human Geography - PROG HUM GEOGR, 34, 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132509337654 Abazeri, M. (2022). Decolonial feminisms and degrowth. Futures, 136, 102902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.102902 Class 4 - Theme 2 - Poverty and Inequality BOOKS Graeber, D., & Wengrow, D. (2021). The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity (1st edition). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Bregman, R. (2017). Utopia for Realists: How We Can Build the Ideal World . Little, Brown and Company. Piketty, T., & Goldhammer, A. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century . The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Sen, A. (2000). Development as Freedom . Anchor. Jackson, T. (2011). Prosperity without growth: Economics for a finite planet (Reprinted). Earthscan. Nussbaum, M. C. (2013). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Harvard University Press ARTICLES Benedikter, R. (2022). A Shifting Global Scenery: The Age of Re-globalization. In R. Benedikter (Ed.), Religion in the Age of Re-Globalization: A Brief Introduction (pp. 17–28). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80857-0_3 Randhir, T. O. (2016). Globalization impacts on local commons: Multiscale strategies for socioeconomic and ecological resilience. International Journal of the Commons, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.517 Evans, P. (2000). Fighting Marginalization with Transnational Networks: Counter-Hegemonic Globalization. Contemporary Sociology, 29(1), 230. https://doi.org/10.2307/2654947 Fominaya, C. F. (2014). Social Movements and Globalization: How protests, occupations and uprisings are changing the world. Palgrave Macmillan. https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/social-movements-and-globalization-how-protests-occupations-and-u Pleyers, G. (2023). For a global sociology of social movements. Beyond methodological globalism and extractivism. Globalizations, 0(0), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2023.2173866 Priestland, D. (2021, October 23). The Dawn of Everything by David Graeber and David Wengrow review – inequality is not the price of civilisation. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/oct/23/the-dawn-of-everything-by-david-graeber-and-david-wengrow-review-inequality-is-not-the-price-of-civilisation Nations, U. (2024). 2024 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). In Human Development Reports. United Nations. https://hdr.undp.org/content/2024-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi United Nation Stats. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/ Causes of poverty and inequality. (n.d.). EAPN. Retrieved 4 March 2025, from https://www.eapn.eu/what-is-poverty/causes-of-poverty-and-inequality/ https://data.worldbank.org/indicator https://ourworldindata.org https://pip.worldbank.org/poverty-calculator Class 5 - Theme 3 and 4 - International Trade Markets BOOKS Stevenson, G. (2024). The Trading Game: A Confession. Crown Currency. slide Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2022). International Trade: Theory and Policy, Global Edition (12th edition). Pearson Education. Chang, H.-J. (2009). Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism . Bloomsbury Publishing. Chang, H.-J. (2011). 23 Things They Don’t Tell You about Capitalism . Bloomsbury Press. Moosa, I. A. (2021). The Washington Consensus: A Critical Evaluation of the Principles and Implications for Economic Development . World Scientific Pub Co Inc. Martin. (n.d.). Financing for Development. United Nations Sustainable Development. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/financing-for-development/ ARTICLES Lévy, B. (2007). The interface between globalization, trade and development: Theoretical issues for international business studies. International Business Review, 16(5), 594–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.06.004 Zahoor, N., Wu, J., Khan, H., & Khan, Z. (2023). De-globalization, International Trade Protectionism, and the Reconfigurations of Global Value Chains. Management International Review, 63(5), 823–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-023-00522-4 Ruffin, R. J. (2013). The Development of International Trade Theory. In D. Bernhofen, R. Falvey, D. Greenaway, & U. Kreickemeier (Eds.), Palgrave Handbook of International Trade (pp. 15–38). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-30531-1_2 N.A (2017). 2.1 What Is International Trade Theory? https://open.lib.umn.edu/internationalbusiness/chapter/2-1-what-is-international-trade-theory/ Chen, Z. (2022). Research on International Trade Theory and the Status Quo of World International Trade. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 12(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2022.126057 James, L., & Millimet, D. (2016). An Empirical Analysis of Trade-Related Redistribution and the Political Viability of Free Trade. Journal of International Economics , 99 , 156–178. Kvangraven, I. H. (2017, April 23). 200 Years of Ricardian Trade Theory: How Is This Still A Thing? Developing Economics. https://developingeconomics.org/2017/04/23/200-years-of-ricardian-trade-theory-how-is-this-still-a-thing/ The Distributive Effects of Free Trade in the Heckscher-Ohlin Model. (n.d.). https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/policy-and-theory-of-international-trade/s08-12-the-distributive-effects-of-fr.html Arguments For and Against Free Trade. (n.d.). Debating Europe. https://debatingeurope.eu/activity/arguments-for-and-against-free-trade/ Cochrane, J. H. (2916, November 29). Five Logical Arguments against the Protectionist Fallacy. The University of Chicago Booth School of Business. https://www.chicagobooth.edu/review/five-logical-arguments-against-protectionist-fallacy Trade. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1986/09/the-folly-of-free-trade Pettinger, T. (2016, December 14). Arguments against free trade. Economics Help. https://www.economicshelp.org/trade2/arguments-against-free-trade/ Chen, J. (2024, July 2). Bretton Woods Agreement and the Institutions It Created Explained. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brettonwoodsagreement.asp European Union. Treaty of Rome. (n.d.). Treaty of Rome. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/in-the-past/the-parliament-and-the-treaties/treaty-of-rome European Union. Treaty of Rome (EEC) | EUR-Lex. (n.d.). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:xy0023 Goldberg, P. K., & Reed, T. (2023). Growing Threats to Global Trade. International Monety Fund Finance & Development Magazine. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2023/06/growing-threats-to-global-trade-goldberg-reed Saran, S. (2024, November 1). 5 geopolitical questions for 2025. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/11/5-geopolitical-questions-for-2025/ Qiu, H., Xia, D., & Yetman, J. (2024). Deconstructing global trade: The role of geopolitical alignment. BIS Quartely Review. https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt2409c.htm Mohseni-Cheraghlou, A., & Busch, S. (2024, March 1). Climate, drought, and the disrupted future of global trade—Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/econographics/climate-drought-and-the-disrupted-future-of-global-trade/ The Challenges of Unwinding a Trade War. (2024, October 31). Poole Thought Leadership. https://poole.ncsu.edu/thought-leadership/article/the-challenges-of-unwinding-a-trade-war/ Santacreu, S., & Moore. (n.d.). Trade Wars, Tech Rivalry and Geopolitical Tensions. Retrieved 14 March 2025, from https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2024/sep/trade-wars-tech-rivalry-geopolitical-tensions Trade wars, Trump tariffs and protectionism explained. (2018, March 23). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-43512098 Lawford, M. (2025, February 16). The real reason Trump is waging a global trade war. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/02/16/real-reason-trump-is-waging-a-global-trade-war/ Abrahamian, A. A. (2025, February 13). ‘Here lives the monster’s brain’: The man who exposed Switzerland’s dirty secrets. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2025/feb/13/here-lives-the-monsters-brain-the-man-who-exposed-switzerlands-dirty-secrets Martin. (n.d.). Financing for Development. United Nations Sustainable Development. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/financing-for-development/ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2024 . (2024). Adamkiewicz, K. (2024, April 15). UN report: SDG financing gap still a significant challenge, but clear growth potential for impact investing. Impact Investor. https://impact-investor.com/un-report-sdg-financing-gap-still-a-significant-challenge-but-clear-growth-potential-for-impact-investing Broom, D. (2023, February 2). Migrant workers sent home almost $800 billion in 2022. Which countries are the biggest recipients? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2023/02/remittances-money-world-bank/ Anthony, N. (2023, November 7). Money Across Borders: How Cryptocurrency Has Opened Global Exchange. Cato Institute. https://www.cato.org/publications/money-across-borders-how-cryptocurrency-has-opened-global-exchange Sandner, P. (2023, October 15). The Impact of Crypto Currencies on Developing Countries. Medium. https://philippsandner.medium.com/the-impact-of-crypto-currencies-on-developing-countries-dce44c529d6b Teacher, Law. (November 2013). Impact of Cryptocurrency on International Trade Law. Retrieved from https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/international-law/cryptocurrency-international-trade-law-7251.php?vref=1 Anuyahong, B., & Ek-udom, N. (2023). The Impact of Cryptocurrency on Global Trade and Commerce. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 2543–2553. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i4-37 White, K. (2022, November 4). Understanding the macroeconomic impact of cryptocurrency and stablecoin economics. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2022/11/the-macroeconomic-impact-of-cryptocurrency-and-stablecoin-economics Cryptocurrency: The Future of Global Trade. (2024, April 24). Insights Across Tech, Business, and Creativity. Inspiring Ideas and Practical Tips for Professionals | Futuramo Blog. https://futuramo.com/blog/how-cryptocurrency-is-shaping-the-future-of-global-trade/ Blockchain technology: A new opportunity for international trade. (2021, July 29). Beyond Borders. https://blogs.iadb.org/integration-trade/en/blockchain-technology-a-new-opportunity-for-international-trade/ Golubev, S. (2023, July 28). How Cryptocurrency Is Reshaping the Global Trade Landscape. PaymentsJournal. https://www.paymentsjournal.com/how-cryptocurrency-is-reshaping-the-global-trade-landscape Stone, P. (2025, January 27). ‘Trump’s grifting tendencies’: How the president’s crypto ties could spur corruption. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/27/trump-meme-coin-cryptocurrency Solman, P., & Estes, D. L. (2025, March 6). What to know about Trump’s cryptocurrency plans and a potential conflict of interest. PBS News. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/what-to-know-about-trumps-cryptocurrency-plans-and-a-potential-conflict-of-interest Class 6 - Theme 5 - Migration BOOKS Hansen, P. (2021). A Modern Migration Theory: An Alternative Economic Approach to Failed EU Policy . Agenda Publishing. slide N.G. Schiller, T. Faist Migration, Development, and Transnationalization: A Critical Stance, vol 12, Berghahn Books, Oxford (2016) Brettell, C. B., & Hollifield, J. F. (Eds.). (2023). Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines . Routledge. Haas, H. de. (2024). How Migration Really Works: 22 things you need to know about the most divisive issue in politics . Penguin Books. Hernandez, Z. (2024). The Truth About Immigration: Why Successful Societies Welcome Newcomers. St. Martin’s Press. Collier, P. (2015). Exodus: How Migration is Changing Our World . Oxford University Press. Junior, A. M., et al. (2025). Rethinking Migration: Challenging Borders, Citizenship and Race (B. Anderson, Ed.). Bristol University Press. Spencer, R. (2020). Mass Migration in Europe: A Model for the U.S.? Center for Security Policy Press. Team, T. M. C. (2024). The Migration Conference 2024 Selected Papers . Transnational Press London. Caballero-Vélez, D. (n.d.). International Migration Governance and Public Goods . Springer Nature. ARTICLES Migration Policy Institute. (2024, December 11). Migration Policy Institute. (2024, December 11). Top 10 Migration Issues of 2024 . Migrationpolicy.Org. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/migration-information-source/top-10-migration-issues-2024 Migration Issues in a Turbulent World: A Look Ahead to 2025 | Newsletter European. (n.d.). https://www.newslettereuropean.eu/migration-issues-in-a-turbulent-world-a-look-ahead-to-2025/ World Bank Group. (n.d.). Global Migration in the 21st Century: Navigating the Impact of Climate Change, Conflict, and Demographic Shifts . World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/12/11/global-migration-in-the-21st-century-navigating-the-impact-of-climate-change-conflict-and-demographic-shifts Benson, M., & O’Reilly, K. (2009). Migration and the Search for a Better Way of Life: A Critical Exploration of Lifestyle Migration. The Sociological Review, 57(4), 608–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2009.01864.x Castles, S., Miller ,Mark J., & and Ammendola, G. (2005). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World: New York: The Guilford Press, (2003), 338 pages. American Foreign Policy Interests, 27(6), 537–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803920500434037 Rees, W. E. (2006). Globalization, trade and migration: Undermining sustainability. Ecological Economics, 59(2), 220–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.021 Bell, M. et al (2015). Internal Migration and Development: Comparing Migration Intensities Around the World. Population and Development Review, 41(1), 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00025.x Gill, J. (2025, January 13). Fortress Europe: What will migration policy look like in 2025? | Context . https://www.context.news/socioeconomic-inclusion/fortress-europe-what-will-migration-policy-look-like-in-2025 Benford, J. et al (2025, January 6). Major Events and Trends Shaping Europe and the World in 2025. Global & European Dynamics. https://globaleurope.eu/europes-future/major-events-and-trends-shaping-europe-and-the-world-in-2025/ Song, S., Dey, D. K., & Holsinger, K. E. (2006). Differentiation among populations with Migration, Mutation, and Drift: Implications for Genetic Inference. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, 60(1), 1–12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1482677/ National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.). Eugenics and Scientific Racism. https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism Banaji, M. R., Fiske, S. T., & Massey, D. S. (2021). Systemic racism: Individuals and interactions, institutions and society. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 6(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00349-3 Bodvarsson, Ö. B., Simpson, N. B., & Sparber, C. (2015). Migration Theory*. In B. R. Chiswick & P. W. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of International Migration (Vol. 1, pp. 3–51). North-Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53764-5.00001-3 de Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: The aspirations-capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4 Piché, V., & Dutreuilh, C. (2013). Contemporary Migration Theories as Reflected in their Founding Texts. Population, 68(1), 141–164. https://shs.cairn.info/journal-population-2013-1-page-141?lang=en King, R. (2012). Theories and Typologies of Migration: An Overview and A Primer. Willy Brandt Series of Working Papers in International Migration and Ethnic Relations , 12 , 1–43. Fasani, F., Llull, J., & Tealdi, C. (2020). The economics of migration: Labour market impacts and migration policies. Labour Economics, 67, 101929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101929 Polgreen, Lydia (Jan 31, 2025). Migration Is Remaking Our World, and We Don’t Understand It at All. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/31/opinion/trump-migration-world.html Gauthier, Danielle (April 24, 2024).Dispelling 10 Common Myths About Immigrants and Refugees—International Institute of New England. International Institute of New England. https://iine.org/2024/04/dispelling-10-common-myths-about-immigrants-and-refugees/ Guriev, Sergey (2020). Labor market performance and the rise of populism. IZA World of Labor. https://wol.iza.org/articles/labor-market-performance-and-the-rise-of-populism/long de Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: The aspirations-capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4 Czaika, M., & de Haas, H. (2014). The Globalization of Migration: Has the World Become More Migratory?. International Migration Review, 48(2), 283–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12095 de Haas, H., Natter, K., & Vezzoli, S. (2018). Growing Restrictiveness or Changing Selection? The Nature and Evolution of Migration Policies. International Migration Review, 52(2), 324–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12288 de Haas, H. (2010). Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective. International Migration Review, 44(1), 227–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x Gamlen, A. (2014). The new migration-and-development pessimism. Progress in Human Geography, 38(4), 581–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132513512544 Skeldon, R. (2009). Of Skilled Migration, Brain Drains and Policy Responses. International Migration, 47(4), 3–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00484.x Castles, S. (2011). Migration, Crisis, and the Global Labour Market. Globalizations, 8(3), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2011.576847 Franco Gavonel, M. et al (2021). The migration-sustainability paradox: Transformations in mobile worlds. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 49, 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.013 United Nations. International Migration Policies United Nations. Data Booklet. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/policy/international_migration_policies_data_booklet.pdf Adger, W. N. et al (2019). Migration transforms the conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(11), e440–e442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30213-X Piper, N. (2017). Migration and the SDGs. Global Social Policy, 17(2), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018117703443 Bloemraad, I., & Menjívar, C. (2022). Precarious Times, Professional Tensions: The Ethics of Migration Research and the Drive for Scientific Accountability. The International Migration Review, 56(1), 4–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211014455 Heimbach-Steins, M. (2014). Migration in a Post-colonial World. In E. Collier, & C. Strain, Religious and ethical perspectives on global migration (pp. 87-107). New York: Lexington Books. Piché, V. (2013). Contemporary Migration Theories as Reflected in their Founding Texts. Population-E, 68(1), 141-164. Class 7 - Theme 6 and 7 - Environmental Governance and Transformative Social Innovation (GIM, CLIs and TLNs) BOOKS Copeland, B. R., Shapiro, J. S., & Scott Taylor, M. (2022). Globalization and the environment. In G. Gopinath, E. Helpman, & K. Rogoff (Eds.), Handbook of International Economics (Vol. 5, pp. 61–146). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hesint.2022.02.002 Turner, B., & Holton, R. (Eds.). (2009). The Routledge International Handbook of Globalization Studies: Second edition. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203870006 Mol, A. P. J., Sonnenfeld, D. A., & Spaargaren, G. (Eds.). (2020). The Ecological Modernisation Reader: Environmental Reform in Theory and Practice (1st edition). Routledge. Kütting, G. (2007). Globalization and the Environment: Greening Global Political Economy . State University of New York Press. Newell, P. (2013). Globalization and the Environment: Capitalism, Ecology and Power (1st edition). Polity. Daly, H. E., & Farley, J. (2003). Ecological Economics: Principles And Applications (First Edition). Island Press. Baer, H. A. (2021). Global Capitalism and Climate Change: The Need for an Alternative World System . Lexington Books. Kütting, G. (2004). Globalization and the Environment: Greening Global Political Economy . State University of New York Press. Najam, A., Runnals, D., & Halle, M. (2007). Environment and Globalization: Five Propositions. IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development . Schumacher, E. F. (2010). Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered . Harper Perennial. Ghosh, S. K. (Ed.). (2020). Circular Economy: Global Perspective . Springer. Schmelzer, M., & Treu, N. (2020). Degrowth in Movement(s) . Zer0 Books. Songklin, P. (sem data). DEGROWTH: FROM THEORIES TO PRACTICES AND POLICY PROPOSALS . Independently published. Raworth, K. (2017). Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist . Chelsea Green. Group, R. (2016). Regenerative Development and Design: A Framework for Evolving Sustainability . Wiley. Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: International Bestseller (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green. Stroh, D. P. (2015). Systems Thinking For Social Change: A Practical Guide to Solving Complex Problems, Avoiding Unintended Consequences, and Achieving Lasting Results . Chelsea Green. Wahl, D. C. (2016). Designing Regenerative Cultures . Triarchy Press Ltd. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action . Cambridge University Press. Hardt, M. (2011). Commonwealth (unknown edition). Belknap Press. Lovelock, J. E. (1988). Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth (The Commonwealth Fund Book Program) Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man . Free Press. Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of The Network Society . Wiley-Blackwell. Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid Modernity (1st edition). Polity. Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern . Harvard University Press. Haraway, D. (2003). The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness. Prickly Paradigm Press. Haraway, D. 2016. Staying with the Trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press Rosa, H., & Scheuerman, W. E. (2010). High-Speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, and Modernity (Illustrated edition). Penn State University Press. Castells, M. (2012). Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age . Polity Press. Parr, A. (2017). Birth of a New Earth: The Radical Politics of Environmentalism . Columbia University Press. Braidotti, R. (1994). Nomadic Subjects . Columbia University Press. Foster, J. B. (2000). Marx’s Ecology: Materialism and Nature . Monthly Review Press. Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Duke University Press Books. Bennett, J. (2010). Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things . Duke University Press Books. Coole, D., & Frost, S. (2010). New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics . Duke University Press Books. Braidotti, R. (2019). Posthuman Knowledge . Polity. Chapple, C. K. et al (2023). Earthly Things: Immanence, New Materialisms, and Planetary Thinking . Fordham University Press. Escobar, A. et al (2024). Relationality: An Emergent Politics of Life Beyond the Human . Bloomsbury Visual Arts Tsing, A. L. (2021). The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins (Reprint edition). Princeton University Press. new Simondon, G. 2017. On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects. Minneapolis: University of Minnesotta Press TRANSIT project. Theorizing Transformative Social Innovation 12 theoretical propositions. http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/home Avelino, F. et al (2015). Transitions towards new economies? A transformative social innovation perspective . haxeltine, alex, Avelino, F., Pel, B., Kemp, R., Longhurst, N., chilvers, jason, & Wittmayer, J. (2016). A framework for Transformative Social Innovation. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30337.86880 Avelino, F., Dumitru, A., Cipolla, C., Kunze, I., & Wittmayer, J. (2019). Translocal empowerment in transformative social innovation networks. European Planning Studies, 28, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1578339 Loorbach, D., Wittmayer, J., Avelino, F., von Wirth, T., & Frantzeskaki, N. (2020). Transformative innovation and translocal diffusion. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 35, 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2020.01.009 Adams, S. (2021, May 11). Understanding Translocal Networks—Blair Glencorse at SSIR Frontiers of Social Innovation. Accountability Lab. https://accountabilitylab.org/understanding-translocal-networks-blair-glencorse-at-ssir-frontiers-of-social-innovation/ Henfrey, T. W. (2018). Designing for resilience: Permaculture as a transdisciplinary methodology in applied resilience research. Ecology and Society, 23(2), art33. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09916-230233 Simon, K., Diprose ,Gradon, & and Thomas, A. C. (2020). Community-led initiatives for climate adaptation and mitigation. Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 15(1), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2019.1652659 Henfrey, D. T., Maschkowski, G., & Penha-Lopes, D. G. (Eds.). (2017). Resilience, Community Action & Societal Transformation: People, Place, Practice, Power, Politics & Possibility in Transition (Illustrated edition). Permanent Publications. Henfrey, T., Feola, G., Penha-Lopes, G., Sekulova, F., & Esteves, A. M. (2023). Rethinking the sustainable development goals: Learning with and from community-led initiatives. Sustainable Development, 31(1), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2384 ARTICLES Dyer, H. (2018, January 7). Introducing Green Theory in International Relations. E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2018/01/07/green-theory-in-international-relations/ aotto, A. (2019, January 21). Environmentalism in IR Theory. Environmentalism in IR Theory. Environmentalism in IR Theory. Pereira, J. C. (2015). Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order—The role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 58, 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201500110 Andreucci, D., López, G. G., Zografos, C., & Conde, M. (2025). Political ecologies of the Green New Deal: Critiques, contentions and radical appropriations. Political Geography, 117, 103256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103256 Kalt, T. (2024). Transition conflicts: A Gramscian Political Ecology perspective on the contested nature of sustainability transitions. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 50, 100812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2024.100812 Rusca, M. (2024). Towards a future-oriented Political Ecology of climate change. Geoforum, 153, 103921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103921 Bush, S. R., & Spaargaren, G. (2024). Ecological modernization theory. In Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Sociology (pp. 183–188). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803921044.ch33 Smith, A. V., & Garza-Rubalcava, U. (2019). Ecological Modernization Theory: Developing a Consensus with the Addition of Green and Sustainable Remediation. In W. Leal Filho, A. M. Azul, L. Brandli, P. G. Özuyar, & T. Wall (Eds.), Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (pp. 1–10). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_39-1 Bunge, M. (2000). Systemism: The alternative to individualism and holism. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 29(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(00)00058-5 Rajendran, L. P. et al. (2024). The ‘peri-urban turn’: A systems thinking approach for a paradigm shift in reconceptualising urban-rural futures in the global South. Habitat International, 146, 103041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103041 Galang, E. I. et al (2025). Participatory scenario planning: A social learning approach to build systems thinking and trust for sustainable environmental governance. Environmental Science & Policy, 164, 103997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.103997 Azimi, M. N., Rahman, M. M., & Nghiem, S. (2023). Linking governance with environmental quality: A global perspective. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15086. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42221-y Bennett, N. J., & Satterfield, T. (2018). Environmental governance: A practical framework to guide design, evaluation, and analysis. Conservation Letters, 11(6), e12600. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12600 Wan, G., Dawod, A. Y., Chanaim, S., & Ramasamy, S. S. (2023). Hotspots and trends of environmental, social and governance (ESG) research: A bibliometric analysis. Data Science and Management, 6(2), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsm.2023.03.001 Xing, G., Zhang, Y., & Guo, J. (2023). Environmental Regulation in Evolution and Governance Strategies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064906 Chaffin, B. et al (2016). Transformative Environmental Governance. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 399–423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085817 Volont, L., Lijster, T., & Gielen, P. (2022). The rise of the common city: On the culture of commoning. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362068931_The_rise_of_the_common_city_On_the_culture_of_commoning Bodirsky, K. (2025). On value and the commons. Critique of Anthropology, 45, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X251315280 Danielsen, J., Makombore, L., & Farley, J. (2025). The Power of the Commons. Sustainability, 17, 2512. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062512 Wayback Machine Internet Archive. (2018, November 28). Digital Library Of The Commons https://web.archive.org/web/20181128163756/https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/contentguidelines Class 8 - SDGs, Technology Innovation and Future Globalization Challenges BOOKS Jackson, T. (2009). Prosperity without growth: Economics for a finite planet (Reprinted). Earthscan. Jackson, T. (2021). Post Growth: Life after Capitalism . Polity. Giordanengo, J. H. (2025). Ecosystems as Models for Restoring our Economies, 2nd Edition: To a Sustainable State . Anthem Press. Harcourt, W., & Nelson, I. L. (Eds.). (2015). Practising Feminist Political Ecologies: Moving Beyond the «Green Economy» . Zed Books. Ritchie, H. (2024). Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable Planet . Little, Brown Spark. Schmelzer, M., Vetter, A., & Vansintjan, A. (2022). The Future is Degrowth: A Guide to a World Beyond Capitalism . Verso. new Harari, Y. N. (2024). Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks from the Stone Age to AI . Random House. ARTICLES Fukuda-Parr, S., & Muchhala, B. (2020). The Southern origins of sustainable development goals: Ideas, actors, aspirations. World Development, 126, 104706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104706 Fukuda-Parr, S. (2016). From the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals: Shifts in purpose, concept, and politics of global goal setting for development. Gender & Development, 24, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2016.1145895 Hametner, M. (2022). Economics without ecology: How the SDGs fail to align socioeconomic development with environmental sustainability. Ecological Economics, 199, 107490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107490 Liu, Y. et al (2024). Overlooked uneven progress across sustainable development goals at the global scale: Challenges and opportunities. The Innovation, 5(2), 100573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100573 Diaz-Sarachaga, J. M., Jato-Espino, D., & Castro-Fresno, D. (2018). Is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) index an adequate framework to measure the progress of the 2030 Agenda? Sustainable Development, 26(6), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1735 Arora-Jonsson, S. (2023). The sustainable development goals: A universalist promise for the future. Futures, 146, 103087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.103087 Eisenmenger, N. et al (2020). The Sustainable Development Goals prioritize economic growth over sustainable resource use: A critical reflection on the SDGs from a socio-ecological perspective. Sustainability Science, 15(4), 1101–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00813-x Lyytimäki, J. et al (2020). Risks of producing and using indicators of sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development, 28(6), 1528–1538. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2102 Bali Swain, R. (2017). A Critical Analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 341–355). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63007-6_20 Jain, P., & Jain, P. (2020). Are the Sustainable Development Goals really sustainable? A policy perspective. Sustainable Development, 28(6), 1642–1651. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2112 IISD SDG Knowledge Hub. (2025, January 15). IAEG-SDGs Reports on 2025 Review of Global Indicator Framework. SDG Knowledge Hub. https://sdg.iisd.org/news/iaeg-sdgs-updates-on-2025-review-of-global-indicator-framework/ United Nations. (2025, January 23). 2025 ECOSOC Partnership Forum | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://sdgs.un.org/2025ECOSOCPartnershipForum Kliemann, C. (2024, January 16). You don’t like the SDGs? Look what else is on offer. Debating Development Research. https://www.developmentresearch.eu/?p=1742 Acosta, A., & Abarca, M. M. (2018). Buen Vivir: An Alternative Perspective from the Peoples of the Global South to the Crisis of Capitalist Modernity. In V. Satgar (Ed.), Climate Crisis, The: South African and Global Democratic EcoSocialist Alternatives (pp. 131–147). Wits University Press. link Kothari, A., Demaria, F., & Acosta, A. (2015). Buen Vivir, Degrowth, and Ecological Swaraj: Alternatives to Sustainable Development and Green Economy. Development, 57, 57–3. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2015.24 Sarmet, G. (2021). The Buen Vivir as an alternative practice to development - A review of Alberto Acosta’s book. New Sociological Perspectives, 1(1). https://nsp.lse.ac.uk/articles/45 Ziai, A. (2024). Beyond the Sustainable Development Goals: Post-development Alternatives. In H. Melber, U. Kothari, L. Camfield, & K. Biekart (Eds.), Challenging Global Development: Towards Decoloniality and Justice (pp. 35–54). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30308-1_3 Kothari, A. (2018). Eco-Swaraj vs. Global Eco-Catastrophe. 15(2). http://usfca.edu/center-asia-pacific/perspectives/v15n2/kothari Henfrey, T., Feola, G., Penha-Lopes, G., Sekulova, F., & Esteves, A. M. (2023). Rethinking the sustainable development goals: Learning with and from community-led initiatives. Sustainable Development, 31(1), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2384 Appadurai, A. (2000). Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination. Public Culture, 12(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-12-1-1

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2025-08-14