Bibliografia

Principal

• Scmitter, Philippe C. (2001), "Parties are not what they once were", in Larry Diamond e Richard Gunther (orgs.), Political Parties and Democracy, ob. cit. Mair, Peter (2003), "Os partidos e a democracia", Análise Social, XXXVIII:167, 277-293. Lipset, S. Martin (2001), "The Americanization of the European Left", in Larry Diamond e Richard Gunther (orgs.), Political Parties and Democracy, Baltimore, the Johns Hopkins university Press, pp. 52-66. Katz, Richard, e Peter Mair (1995), "Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy", Party Politics, 1:1, 5-28. Parte III- Dalton, russel J., e Martin P. Wattenberg (orgs.)(2000), Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Powell Jr., Bingham G. (2000), elections as Instruments of Democracy. Majoritanian and Proportional Visions, New Haven, Yale University Press. Lauri, Karvonen (2004), "Preferential Voting: incidence and Effects", International Political Science Review, 25:2, 203-226. Huber, John D., e G. Bingham Powell Jr.(1994), "Congruence Between Citizens and Policy makers in Two visions of Liberal Democracy", World Politics, 46:3, 291-326. Golder, Matt, e Jacek Stramski (2010), "Ideological congruence and electoral institutions: conceptualization and measurement", American Journal of Political Science, 54, 90-106. Parte II - Carey, John, e Matthew S. Shugart (1995), "Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a Rank Ordering of electoral Formulas", Electoral Studies, 14:4, 417-39. Pitkin, Hanna F. (1967), The Concept of Representation, Berkley,University of California Press. Miller, Warren, et all (1999), Policy Representation in Western Democracies, Oxford/N. Iorque, Oxford University Press. Esaiasson, Peter, e Soren Holmberg (1996), Representation from Above. Members of Parliament and Representative Democracy in Sweden, Aldershot, Dartmouth. Dalton, Russel J. (1985), "Political parties and political representation. Party supporters and party elites in nine nations", in Comparative Political Studies, 18: 3, pp. 267-299. Parte I - Belchior, Ana Maria (2010), Democracia e Representação Partidária: A elite Parlamentar e os Cidadãos, Lisboa: ICS. :

Secundária

• Ware, A. (1997), Political Parties and Party Systems, Oxford, Oxford U/niversity Press. Teixeira, M. C. P. (2009), O Povo Semi Soberano. Partidos Políticos e Recrutamento Parlamentar em Portugal (1990-2003), Coimbra, Almedina. Stock, M. J., et all (2005), Velhos e Novos Actores Políticos. Partidos e Movimentos Sociais, Lisboa, Universidade Aberta. Mair, P., e I. van Biezen (2001), "Party membership in twenty European democracies, 1980-2000", Party Politics, VII:1, 5-21 Lopes, F. F. (2010), "Partidos e representação política no período liberal em Portugal", in F. Catroga e P. T. de Almeida (orgs.), Respublica: Cidadania e Representação política em Portugal, 1820-1926, Lisboa, Assembleia da República/Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, pp. 258-287. Lopes, F. F. (2004), Os Partidos Políticos. Modelos e Realidades na Europa Ocidental e em Portugal, Oeiras, Celta. Lopes, F. F., e A. Freire (2002), Partidos Políticos e Sistemas Eleitorais. Uma Introdução, Oeiras, Celta. Krouwel, A. (2006), "Party Models", in R. s. Katz e W. Crotty (orgs.), Handbook of Party Politics, londres, Sage, pp. 249-269. Kilschelt, H. (2006), "Movement Parties", in R. S. Katz e W. Crotty (orgs.), Handbook of Party Politics, Londres, Sage, pp. 278-290. Katz, R. S., e P. Mair (orgs.) (1994), How Parties Organize. Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, Londres, Sage. Holfferbert, R. (org.) (1998), Parties and Democracy, Blackwell, Oxford. Guzzini, S. (1994), "La longue nuit de la Première République. L'implosion clientéliste en Italie", Revue FRançaise de Science Politique, XLIV:6, 979-1013. Gunther, R., e L. Diamond (2003), "Species of Political Parties", Party Politics, 9:2, 167-199. Freire, A., e M. Meirinho (2009), "Reformas institucionais em Portugal: a perspectiva dos deputados e dos eleitores", in A. Freire e J. L. Viegas (orgs.), Representação Política. O Caso Português em Perspectiva Comparada, Lisboa, Sexante. Diamond, L., e R. Gunther (orgs.) (2001), Political Parties and Democracy, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press. Parte III- Della Porta, D., e Y. Mény (orgs.), Democracia e Corrupção na Europa, Lisboa, Inquérito. Wessels, B. (2007), "Political representation and democracy", in R. J. Dalton e H.-D. klingemann (orgs.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behaviour, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 833-850. Wessels, B. (1999), "System characteristics matter: empirical evidence from ten representative studies", in W. Miller, et all, Policy Representation in Western Democracies, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 137-161. Pereira, P. T., e J. A. silva (2009), "'Citizens' freedom to choose representatives: ballot structure, proportionality and 'fragmented' parliaments", Electoral Studies, 28, 101-110. Pereira, P. T. (2011), "Boletins de Voto, Fórmulas Eleitorais e Liberdade de Escolha: uma Análise Comparativa de Sistemas Eleitorais, in A. Freire (org.), Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais no Século XX Português - Um Balanço Histórico comparativo, Lisboa, Colibri (prelo). Martins, M. M. (2008), Representação Política. Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais - Uma Introdução, Lisboa, ISCSP-UTL. Lijphart, A. (1999), Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, Yale University Press. Katz, R. S. (1997), Democracy and Elections, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Gallagher, M., e P. Mitchell (orgs.) (2008), The Politics of Electoral Systems, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Freire, A., e J. L. Viegas (orgs.) (2009), Representação Política. O Caso Português em Perspectiva Comparada, Lisboa, Sextante. Freire, A., et all (2009), in sobre "Debate sobre a reforma do sistema eleitoral", Finisterra, 65-66, 175-210. Freire, A., e M. Merinho (2010), in debate sobre "Para uma melhoria da representação política - a reforma do sistema eleitoral", Eleições, 12, 1-144. Freire, A. et all (2008), Para uma melhoria da qualidade da representação política. A reforma do sistema eleitoral, lisboa, Sextante. Cain, B. E., e J. A. Ferejohn, M. P. fiorina (1984), "The Constituency Service Basis of the Personal Vote for U.S. Representatives and British Members of Parliament", americaqn political Science Review, 78:1, 110-125. Cain, B.E., e J. A. Ferejohn, M. P. fiorina (1979), "The House is not a Home: Britishy MPs in their Constituencies", Legislative Studies Quartely, 4:4, 501-523. Bowler, S., e D. M. Farrell (1993), "Legislator Shirking and Voter Monitoring: Impacts of European Parliament Electoral Systems Upon Legislative-Voter Relationships", Jounal of Common Market Studies, 31: 1, 45-69. Parte II- Bodganor, V. (org.) (1985), Representatives of the People? Parliamentarians and Constituents in Western Democracies, Aldershor, Gower. Valen, H., e H. M. Narud (2007), "The conditional party mandate: a model for the study of mass and elite opinion patterns", European Journal of Political Research, 46:3, 293-318. Thomassen, J. (1994), "Empirical research into political representation: failing democracy or failing models?", in M. K. Jennings e T. E. Mann (orgs.), Elections at home and Abroad, Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press, pp. 237-264. Thomassen, J., e R. B. Andeweg (2004), "Beyond collective representation: individual members of parliament and inerest representation in the Netherlands", the Jounal of Legislative Studies, 10:4, 47-69. Miller, W., e D. Stokes (1963), "Constituency influence in Congress", American Science Review, 57:1, 45-56. Mill, J. S. (1983, 1861), O Governo Representativo, s. Paulo, difusão Cultural. Michels, R. (2001, 1911), Para uma Sociologia dos Partidos Políticos na Democracia moderna, Lisboa, Antígona. May, J. D. (1973), "Opinion structure of political parties": the special law of culvilinear disparity", political Studies, 21:2, 135-151. Manin, B. (1995), Principes du Gouvernement Représentatif, Mesnil-sur-l'Estrée, Calmann-Lévy. Held, D. (1996), Models of Democracy, Cambridge, Polity Press. Freire, A. , e J. L. Viegas (orgs.)(2009), Representação Política: o Caso Português em Perspectiva Comparada, Lisboa, Sextante. Duverger, M. (1951), Les Partis Politiques, Paris, Armand Colin. McDonald, M., e I. Budge (2005), Election, Parties, Democracy, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Converse, P., e R. Pierce (1986), Political representation in France, Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press. Birch, A. H. (1971), Representation, Londres, Pall Mall Press. Barnes, S. H. (1977), Representation in Italy. Institutional Tradition and Electoral Choice, Chicago, The University of chicago Press. Parte I - Achen, C. H. (1978), "Measuring representation", American journal of Political Science, 22:3, 475-510. :